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Prostate conditions, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), have become a common issue among men, especially as they age. In India, BPH is commonly found in 25% of men aged 40-49, 37% of men aged 50-59, and 50% of men aged 70-79. Although conventional treatments like lifestyle changes, medications, catheter-based procedures, and surgeries are performed, laser treatment has gained prominence, particularly in BPH.
But is it safe? What are its advantages compared to traditional therapies? Are there any risks? This blog aims to explore its procedure and types, safety, benefits, potential risks, and advancements.
Synopsis
How is Prostate Laser Treatment Performed?
By using concentrated light, lasers produce precise and powerful heat to treat moderate to intermediate BPH. Prior to the procedure, anaesthesia is administered to numb the pain. Even though laser treatments can be of several types, the general process includes the insertion of a probe through the penis. A strong beam of concentrated light is then passed through the probe, where it vaporises the tissue that blocks urine flow. Additionally, other specialised instruments may be used to remove or cut the tissue. A catheter will then be placed into the urethra for the first 12 to 24 hours to drain the urine.
Why is Prostate Laser Treatment performed?
Laser treatment is mainly done to reduce BPH symptoms, which include frequent or prolonged urination, difficulty initiating urination, pauses while urinating, and the occurrence of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The treatment is also done to prevent complications of blocked urine flow, such as kidney or bladder damage, bladder stones, recurring UTIs, the presence of blood in urine, and not being able to control urination at all.
More Reads: The Role of Laser Treatment in Preventing Kidney Stone Recurrence
What Are the Types of Laser Treatment Procedures?
The type of laser treatment chosen is primarily based on prostate size, overall condition and health, availability of laser type, and specialist training. Currently available laser treatments include:
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Photoselective Vapourisation of the Prostate (PVP)
Also known as Greenlight Laser Photoselective Vapourisation, this technique uses concentrated light to aim at the central part of the prostate gland. The excess tissue is vaporised to widen or enlarge the urethra or urinary channel. Since the techniques involve tissue vaporisation, they may not allow for a pathological examination of the removed tissue, which can be a limitation. PVP is useful in mild to moderate cases of BPH.
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Holmium Laser Ablation of the Prostate (HoLAP)
Similar to PVP, the technique uses concentrated light to vaporise the tissue and widen the urinary channel. However, it uses a different kind of laser, called the Holmium laser, to vaporise and treat urinary blockage.
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Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP)
Suited for men with severely enlarged prostates, the technique involves the use of a Holmium laser to remove the excess tissue. The tissue is then easily removed using specialised instruments. These tissues can be examined pathologically for any signs of abnormalities like cancer.
To know more about the treatment consult a healthcare professional in Bhubaneswar.
What Are Its Benefits Compared to Traditional Prostate Surgery?
Compared to traditional prostate surgery like Prostatectomy and TURP, the advantages of laser treatment include the following:
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It is a minimally invasive technique, helping in faster recovery, reduced scarring, less bleeding, etc.
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Since it removes the central part of the prostate gland, the treatment will help remove any blockages and help one better to urinate.
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Laser treatments are considered one of the safest procedures for treating urinary blocks and removing excess tissue.
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Although cather is required for both laser and traditional surgical treatments, the duration for which it is needed is typically shorter with laser treatment compared to the other.
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Laser treatments show immediate improvement and faster results compared to other traditional treatments, which can take months.
What are the Risks of Prostate Laser Treatment?
Some risks persist after undergoing laser treatment for prostate cancer. However, these risks can be rare. Some complications usually include:
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Trouble in urination, which usually lasts for a few days after the procedure.
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In rare cases, narrowing occurs after laser treatment, which may require additional treatment to remove urinary blockage.
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Retrograde ejaculation, i.e., the release of semen into the bladder during ejaculation, may occur after laser treatment. Although it is not harmful, it can impact your ability to become a father.
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Although low, the risk of erectile dysfunction can occur.
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Patients who have undergone HoLAP or PVP may require retreatment, as the prostate tissue might not be completely removed during the initial procedure or could regrow over time.
Conclusion
Laser technology has revolutionised BPH treatments, with advancements such as Holmium: YAG, Thulium: YAG, and Thulium Fibre Lasers. For prostate cancer, Focal Laser Therapy (FLA) is emerging as a potential option for low-to-intermediate-risk cases. A 2024 study reported encouraging outcomes, though more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
If you or your loved ones are suffering from prostate issues, it is necessary to approach a urologist to receive expert care. At Manipal Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, specialists in the Urology Department are highly skilled in diagnosis, treatment, and recovery follow-up. Schedule your consultation now with our experienced urologists in Bhubaneswar and let us help you achieve a better tomorrow.
FAQ's
BPH is a type of condition that leads to enlargement of the prostate gland. Mostly seen in men, the prostate grows larger as they age. This puts pressure on the urethra, leading to problems in urination. It is also called benign prostatic hypertrophy.
During your consultation, your symptoms and medical history are reviewed, followed by a physical examination, which includes a pelvic exam, if female, or a rectal exam, if male. Other evaluations may include urinalysis or imaging tests like CT or ultrasound. Based on the results, treatment options and goals of treatment are discussed.
In most cases, laser treatments are used in the treatment of BPH. In cancer, Focal Laser Ablation (FLA) is currently used in low-risk prostate cancer cases. Other focal therapies for prostate cancer include Photodynamic Therapy, High-intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), and Cryotherapy.
Men who wish to avoid TURP side effects, elderly patients, those with severe medical conditions like cirrhosis, diabetes, kidney, or heart disease, and those on medications like blood thinners are ideal candidates for laser treatment.
To schedule an appointment at Manipal Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, contact our Department of Urology or visit our website.
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