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Vulvar Cancer Surgery in Bhubaneswar

Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar Cancer Surgery in Bhubaneswar

Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer that originates in the vulva tissues. The vulva is a woman’s external genitalia. This cancer mostly affects the outer vaginal lips. Vulva cancer grows slowly over many years as abnormal cells continue to grow on the outer vulva skin. This condition is called vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, which is the major risk factor for vulva cancer. Signs of vulva cancer are itching and bleeding in the vulva region. 

Surgery is often the primary approach, with options such as Local Excision, Vulvectomy, or Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy depending on the cancer stage and location. Advanced surgical techniques like a Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy help determine the cancer's spread. Other treatments include Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, Targeted Therapy, Immunotherapy, and Palliative Care. Visit our expert surgical oncologists in Bhubaneswar for the best vulvar cancer surgery in Bhubaneswar.

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FAQ's

Vulvar cancer is very rare. It is a preventive type of cancer where the HPV vaccine can prevent the strains of HPV cells that are responsible for cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancer.

The average age for vulvar cancer is above 50.

Vulvar cancer itself does not show any signs or symptoms; rather, other complications along with vulvar cancer show symptoms, which are as follows: 

  • Lump or growth on vulvar skin (similar to ulcers)

  • Non-stop itching in the vulvar area

  • Bleeding (not at all related to menstrual bleeding)

  • Pain in the vulvar area

The doctor will perform the following tests and procedures:

  • Pelvic Exam: An exam that checks the health of the vagina, cervix, uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. A speculum (medical device) is inserted directly into the vagina, and the doctor will examine the vagina and cervix for signs of vulvar cancer.

  • Pap Test: It is a procedure to collect cells from the cervix and vaginal surface for testing. Here, a piece of cotton is used to scrape the cells from the cervix and the vagina.

  • HPV-Human Papillomavirus Test: This is a laboratory test used to check the DNA or RNA for certain types of HPV infections.

  • MRI: Here, a series of magnets are used for detailed pictures of the inside of the body.

  • CT Scan: In this test, pictures are taken from the X-ray machines. A dye is injected to get detailed images of the organ.

  • PET Scan: A small amount of radioactive glucose is directly injected into the vein. The PET then rotates around the body and makes a picture of where glucose is being used in the body.

Vulvar cancer has four stages, according to the severity of the cancer.

  • Stage 1: Here, the vulvar cells may become cancerous and spread into nearby tissues.

  • Stage 2: In this stage, a tumour of any size has spread to the urethra, the lower part of the vagina, and the one-third part of the anus. Here, cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes.

  • Stage 3: The tumour of any size has spread to the upper two-thirds of the urethra, vagina, and inner lining of the bladder or rectum.

  • Stage 4: A tumour of any size has attached itself to the bones; until stage 4, the lymph nodes are ulcerated and non-movable. Vulvar cancer may come back once treated properly.

There are three ways cancer spreads inside the body: 

  • Tissue: Cancer spreads from where it began. 

  • Lymph system: Cancer spreads by getting into the lymph system, where it travels with lymph vessels to different parts of the body.

  • Blood cancer spreads by getting mixed into the blood. The cancer then travels through blood vessels to other parts of the body.

The treatment options are:

  • Surgery: This is the most common treatment where the doctor performs one of the following surgeries:

  • Local excision: Removal of the cancerous lesion and a small margin of healthy tissue around it.

  • Wide local excision: Surgical removal of a broader area of affected skin.

  • Laser surgery: Using a laser beam to make bloodless cuts in the tissues.

  • Skinning Vulvectomy: Here the top layer of vulvar skin where VIN (vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia) is found is removed, and a skin graft from another part of the body may be needed.

  • Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Removal and examination of the lymph node(s) most likely to contain cancer cells to determine if cancer has spread.

  • Radiation: High-energy X-rays are used to kill cancer cells. This treatment is one of the best and is also used to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

  • Chemotherapy: The most common treatment for all types of cancer. Drugs are given to slow down the growth of cancer cells.

  • Immunotherapy: Also called Biologic Therapy, is a treatment that uses a patient's immune system to fight cancer. This therapy activates the immune system to attack cancerous cells.

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