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Transplant Medicine in Bhubaneswar

Transplant Medicine

Transplant Medicine in Bhubaneswar

Chronic kidney disease is a common and complex condition affecting 1 in 5 adults in India, and there has been a 38% increase in the proportion of deaths attributed to kidney failure. Thanks to recent advancements in the medical field, Kidney Transplantation has become the preferred option for the treatment of renal failure. Providing optimal care for such patients demands the expertise of skilled medical professionals and a dedicated support staff. Transplant Medicine in Bhubaneswar is a newer field within nephrology, providing leading-edge therapies with a patient-centred approach for kidney failure patients. 

The Nephrology Department at Manipal Hospitals, Bhubaneswar, is committed to providing compassionate and comprehensive care and helping patients achieve the best possible outcomes.

 

FAQ's

The optimal functioning of the kidneys is crucial for maintaining a healthy life. The major kidney functions include:

  • Filtration of blood to remove waste products and passing the waste from the body as urine

  • Regulating the blood pressure by releasing hormones

  • Stimulates red blood cell production by releasing erythropoietin

A number of kidney disease processes can lead to kidney failure requiring transplantation. All these diseases can affect each individual in different ways, necessitating treatment modifications.

Some of the common causes are:

  • Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus

  • High blood pressure

  • Glomerulonephritis

  • Medication side effects

  • Polycystic kidney disease

  • Several anatomical problems of the urine tract

Due to these disorders, a kidney may fail to eliminate toxic substances in the body, resulting in uremia. Most patients develop symptoms of kidney failure when 90% of their kidney function is affected. When the symptoms develop, the patients require either a Dialysis or a Kidney Transplant.

 

The treatment for renal failure involves Hemodialysis (a mechanical procedure for cleaning the blood of waste products), Peritoneal Dialysis (removing waste products by passing chemicals through the abdominal cavity), and Kidney Transplantation.

Even though these treatment options cannot cure renal failure, a transplant offers the closest option for cure by replacing the failed kidney. However, those undergoing transplants should take medications for life to preserve the new kidneys, which could have severe side effects.

There are two different sources for obtaining a kidney:

  • Living donors: Immediate family members, spouses, or close friends may wish to donate a kidney. The donor must be in excellent health, well informed about the procedure, and give informed consent.

  • Deceased donor: The kidney comes from a donor who has experienced brain death. 

Regardless of whether the kidney was received from a living or dead donor, blood tests are needed to determine the tissue present. These tests help match the donor kidney with the recipient. Common testing procedures include:

  • Blood type testing: The first test establishes the blood type (A, B, AB, and O). It is ideal for the donor and recipient to have matching blood types.

  • Tissue typing: A blood test to determine human leukocyte antigen (HLA). These antigens are markers found in several cells of the body. For the transplant to be successful, both the donor and recipient markers should be the same.

  • Cross-match testing: This test is performed to ensure the recipient does not have preformed antibodies to the donor. If a positive match is found, the likelihood of kidney rejection is higher.

Immunosuppressants are the medications you will take following your transplant to prevent your body from rejecting your new kidney. You will need to take these medications daily. Sometimes it is advised to continue on low doses of these medications even after a transplant ceases to function to stop the development of antibodies. This will increase your chances of receiving a suitable transplant in the future.

Numerous immunosuppressants are available for use. You will be taking one or more of these medications; you won't be taking them all at once. They are all potentially harmful but keep in mind that not every patient has every adverse effect.

For patients awaiting transplantation, paracetamol is a safe and efficient pain reliever. The kidneys can be harmed by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDS), such as diclofenac and ibuprofen. Patients undergoing transplants shouldn't use them since they are unsafe. This covers creams and gels.

 

  • Infection is the most frequent immunosuppressive adverse effect. Immunosuppressive medications weaken your immune system, which increases your risk of infection.

  • Gaining weight: After a transplant, it's normal to gain weight as a result of the medications you must take and because you may now consume things that you were not allowed to while following a rigid dialysis diet. Excessive weight gain might increase your risk of developing diabetes or heart disease. You and your transplant team should collaborate to maintain a healthy weight. 

  • Other typical early adverse effects include the following: 

    • Upset stomach

    • Trembling (unsteady hands)

    • Difficulty sleeping

    • Hair loss

    • Headaches

Notifying your transplant team right away is essential if you have any drug side effects, including nausea, diarrhoea, headaches, or rash. To properly manage the side effects, they might evaluate the severity of the side effects and suggest changes to your drug schedule or additional therapies.

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