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The surgical removal of the uterus and, most likely, the cervix is known as a Hysterectomy. A Hysterectomy may involve the removal of surrounding tissues and organs, including the ovaries and fallopian tubes, depending on the purpose of the procedure. After a hysterectomy, you won't be able to conceive or get your period.
Depending on your situation, your healthcare professional will discuss the type of Hysterectomy that is required. This will establish whether your ovaries and/or fallopian tubes require removal.
Here are the different types:
Total Hysterectomy: Removing your uterus and cervix but leaving your ovaries.
Supracervical Hysterectomy: Removing just the upper part of your uterus while leaving your cervix.
Total Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy: Removing your fallopian tubes (salpingectomy), uterus, cervix, and ovaries (oophorectomy). Removing your ovaries will cause menopausal symptoms if you have never experienced them before.
Radical Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy: Your ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, upper vagina, and some surrounding tissue and lymph nodes are removed. When malignancy is present, a Hysterectomy of this kind is done.
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A Hysterectomy is a significant surgery that is advised only when all other forms of treatment have failed.
A few of them are stated reasons for Hysterectomy:
Heavy bleeding during periods: This may be due to the presence of fibroids.
Pelvic pain: It could be due to the presence of fibroids, adenomyosis, endometriosis, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) that has not been adequately treated.
Prolapse of the uterus.
Cancers of the uterus, ovaries, and cervix.
A medical professional will go through the entire process with you, including any potential risks and adverse effects. Share with them any worries you may have. Samples of your blood and urine might be required.
Tests to rule out cancer and other illnesses may be necessary. The surgeon's plan for the procedure may alter the response to test results. Tests could consist of:
A Pap test, also called Cervical Cytology, finds irregular cervical cells or cervical cancer.
Blood tests to check for any conditions that might affect surgery.
Endometrial biopsy, which extracts a sample of uterine lining tissue. This test may detect endometrial cancer or abnormal cells in the uterine lining.
Pelvic ultrasound, an imaging examination called pelvic ultrasonography, can reveal the size of ovarian cysts, endometrial polyps, and uterine fibroids.
Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a scan that produces images of the organs and tissues inside the body using a magnetic field.
CT of the abdomen and pelvis uses X-rays taken from different angles around your body to show cross-sectional images of the uterus and other pelvic structures.
Before the procedure, general anaesthesia will be administered. This implies that there won't be any pain involved in the surgery. The actual operation often takes one to two hours. To empty your bladder, a urinary tube known as a catheter will be inserted into your urethra. Throughout the procedure and for a brief period following, the catheter is left in place. Before the operation, your care team cleans the vagina and abdomen with a sterile solution. To reduce your chance of infection, you will also receive antibiotic medication through a vein in your arm.
The surgeon makes an incision across your lower abdomen. You might have:
Vertical incision: A vertical incision that begins in the centre of the abdomen and runs from the pubic bone above the belly button. Occasionally, it is also necessary to prolong this incision above the belly button. That depends on the uterus's size and whether or not additional surgical operations are scheduled in addition to the Hysterectomy.
A horizontal bikini line incision: Which is located an inch above the pubic bone.
Several factors determine the kind of incision you will require. These include the purpose of the Hysterectomy, the size of the uterus, the necessity of exploring the upper abdomen, and the presence of scars from previous procedures.
The length of stay in the hospital after a Hysterectomy varies according to the type of procedure you underwent. To make sure there are no signs of complications like blood clots or bleeding, your healthcare professional will want to keep an eye on you. To avoid blood clots in your legs following surgery, you will be walking around as soon as possible.
You may need to spend several days in the hospital following an abdominal hysterectomy. Less invasive procedures like Vaginal and Laparoscopic Hysterectomies usually don't require an overnight hospital stay.
Your doctor will go over recuperation guidelines with you, which may include limitations on your regular activities. Make sure to voice any worries you may have regarding the process or your recuperation.
One to three hours are needed for the process. Depending on the size of your uterus, the necessity to remove scars from prior surgeries, the removal of additional tissue (such as endometrial tissue), and whether or not other organs (such as your fallopian tubes or ovaries) are being removed along with your uterus, the time frame may change.
Although a Hysterectomy is usually safe, problems can occur with any major operation.
A Hysterectomy carries some risks:
Infection.
Excessive bleeding throughout the procedure.
Damage sustained after surgery may require more surgery to heal, such as damage to the bladder, rectum, or other pelvic tissues.
An adverse reaction to anaesthesia, the medication used to numb pain during surgery.
Haemorrhages.
Earlier onset of menopause, regardless of cases where ovaries are left in place.
Very rarely, death.
Hysterectomy side effects include vaginal discharge, which can happen up to six weeks post-surgery, and irritation at the incision sites. If your Hysterectomy involves the removal of your ovaries, you can develop menopausal symptoms like:
Heat flashes
Loss of libido
Inability to sleep
Vaginal dryness
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