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Prostate Cancer Treatment in Bhubaneswar

BPH - Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (Enlarged Prostate)

Prostate Cancer Treatment in Bhubaneswar

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign disorder that is distinguished by the enlargement of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is situated in front of the rectum and beneath the bladder. The prostate, which is usually the size of a walnut, encircles a section of the urethra, which is the tube that excretes urine and sperm. 
Prostate enlargement can put pressure on the urethra, resulting in symptoms like poor urine flow, difficulty urinating, frequent urination, and incomplete bladder emptying. Although BPH is not dangerous in and of itself, having symptoms suggestive of BPH should trigger a visit to the doctor for additional assessment, since these may point to more serious problems, such as prostate cancer. 
Timely detection and management of health risks related to prostate function depend on routine testing and consultations with medical professionals. Manipal Hospitals have a team of skilled surgeons and doctors for prostate cancer treatment in Bhubaneswar who are efficient in providing rapid diagnosis and effective treatment outcomes. 

 

FAQ's

BPH is the most common prostate problem affecting men. As they age, almost everyone with a prostate will suffer some degree of enlargement; symptoms usually appear later in life. 
Even though not every occurrence of prostate enlargement necessitates medical attention, monitoring and professional management are crucial to managing symptoms and averting consequences related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. 
Individuals can manage prostate health issues and preserve general well-being with the support of routine examinations and consultations with medical professionals.
 

Yes, there are different types of cancers affecting the bladder that are classified based on the appearance of the tumour's cells under a microscope. There are three primary forms of bladder cancer:

  • Urothelial cancer: Of all bladder cancers, urothelial carcinoma, or UCC, makes up roughly 90% of cases. The urothelial cells that line the urine tract are where it starts. Transitional cell carcinoma, or TCC, was the previous term for urothelial cancer.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma: In reaction to irritation and inflammation, squamous cells form in the lining of the bladder. These cells could develop into cancer over time. About 4% of bladder tumours are squamous cell carcinomas.
  • Adenocarcinoma: This kind originates in glandular cells and makes up approximately 2% of all bladder tumours. 

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common ailment that is more common in older adults. According to statistics, about 50% of people with prostates will show some indications of BPH by the time they are 60 years old, and by the time they are 85 years old, this number rises to roughly 90%. 
Although not everyone with BPH has troublesome symptoms, about half will experience urinary symptoms that require medical attention or treatment to reduce discomfort and enhance quality of life. 
Maintaining urine function and achieving the best possible results from BPH symptoms require careful management and routine monitoring.
 

Typically, it doesn't spread quickly. On the other hand, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma spread at a far higher rate than bladder cancer. If therapy is initiated early enough, it can usually inhibit bladder cancer from spreading. 
 

The urethra is surrounded by your prostate. BPH can result in urethral blockage when it causes your prostate to enlarge. Thus, among the initial signs of BPH are:

  • Dribbling or moving slowly when urinating
  • Having trouble getting pee
  • Leaking (uncontrollably)
  • Sudden, urgent need to urinate
  • Need to wake up in the middle of the night to urinate
  • Being unable to fully empty your bladder
  • Discomfort during or after ejaculating
  • The colour of your urine changes
  • It smells like your poop
     

The following indications or symptoms may be present in people with bladder cancer: 

  • Urine with blood or blood clots in it (haematuria)
  • Pain and burning sensation during urination
  • Frequent urination
  • Frequent urination throughout the night
  • Being unable to pass pee while having the urge to do so
  • Pain on one side of the lower back 
     

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can cause the urethra to gradually become blocked if treatment is not received, which can eventually worsen symptoms related to urination. 
Furthermore, bladder stone formation, hematuria (blood in the urine), and urinary tract infections (UTIs) can also be associated with BPH. In addition, if BPH is left untreated, the condition known as urinary reflux (in which urine backflows from the bladder into the kidney) may cause long-term problems and kidney damage. 
To reduce these risks and protect renal and urinary health, BPH must be identified early and treated appropriately.
 

Bladder cancer risk factors consist of: 

  • Smoking: The toxins in tobacco smoke raise the risk of cancer.
  • Chemical Exposure: The risk is increased by coming into contact with specific chemicals such as aromatic amines, benzene, and arsenic.
  • Age: Older individuals have more potential to develop cancer.
  • Gender: Bladder cancer is more prevalent in men than in women.
  • Chronic Bladder Inflammation: Predisposing factors include bladder stones and persistent bladder infections.
  • Genetics: Past family history plays a significant role.
     

Age-related hormonal changes are considered to be a major contributing factor in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), while the specific aetiology of the condition is yet unknown. 
According to one idea, as people age, their oestrogen and testosterone levels stay constant, which may encourage the growth of prostate cells. It's interesting to note that testosterone supplements may worsen or even cause BPH. 
Furthermore, Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a powerful form of testosterone known to stimulate prostate growth, is frequently higher in older males, further indicating the involvement of hormonal variables in the pathophysiology of BPH.
 

Your doctor could advise further testing after verifying that you have bladder cancer to determine whether the disease has progressed to your lymph nodes or other parts of your body. Tests could consist of:

  • CT scan
  • MRI stands for magnetic resonance imaging.
  • PET, or Positron Emission Tomography
  • Bone scan
  • X-ray of the chest

Your doctor assigns a stage to your cancer based on the results of these procedures. Roman numerals 0 to IV represent the stages of bladder cancer. The lowest stages are indicative of bladder cancer that is contained within its inner layers and hasn't spread to the bladder's muscular wall. Stage IV, the highest stage, denotes cancer that has progressed to distant organs or lymph nodes in the body. 
 

Along with examining you physically and going over your medical history, your healthcare practitioner will also likely ask you some questions. A digital rectal exam is a component of the physical examination.
Your healthcare practitioner will carefully insert their gloved finger (digit) into your rectum during a digital rectal exam. They will measure the size of your prostate, feel its margins and surface, and look for any hard spots that might be cancerous.
Your medical professional might also prescribe an assessment to gauge how severe your symptoms are. In addition, the following tests may be advised.

  • A test to gauge the velocity of your urine stream
  • A study to determine the amount of urine that stays in your bladder after you've finished
  • A Cystoscopy for a bladder inspection
     

The appearance of the cancer cells under a microscope is used to further categorise bladder malignancies. This is referred to as the grading of cancer.

  • Low-grade bladder cancer: The cells in this kind of cancer resemble normal cells in structure and appearance (highly differentiated). Compared to a high-grade tumour, a low-grade tumour often grows more slowly and is less likely to penetrate the bladder's muscular wall. 
  • High-grade bladder cancer: The cells in this kind of cancer are poorly differentiated, appearing abnormal and unrelated to normal-appearing tissues. A high-grade tumour tends to grow more quickly than a low-grade tumour and has a higher chance of spreading to other tissues and organs, including the bladder's muscular wall. 

According to research, having BPH does not affect your chance of getting prostate cancer. Prostate cancer and BPH, however, present with identical symptoms. You may have prostate cancer that hasn't been identified in addition to BPH.
Every man should have a prostate screening every year between the ages of 55 and 69 to help detect prostate cancer in its early stages. 
If you are black or have a family history of prostate cancer, your chances of developing prostate cancer are higher. You should begin having prostate examinations at age 40 if you are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer.
 

All phases of the condition have surgical solutions available, which includes

  • A Transurethral resection (TUR): This procedure is used by surgeons to treat bladder cancer at stages 0 and 1. A cutting instrument will be inserted into the bladder to remove abnormal tissue and tiny tumours. Any malignant cells that remain are also burnt away.
  • Cystectomy: A surgeon may choose to remove the entire bladder or just the malignant tissue during a Cystectomy if the cancer is more advanced or has penetrated further into the bladder.
  • Reconstructive surgery: Following a Cystectomy, this procedure may help give the body a new mechanism for removing and storing urine. Intestinal tissue is used by surgeons to rebuild the bladder or its supportive tubes. 
     

Although there isn't a permanent cure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), there are several therapeutic options that can help with symptom management and quality of life enhancement. 
Treatment methods vary based on the degree of symptoms and the patient's choices; they can include drugs, lifestyle changes, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery. 
Many people with BPH can achieve long-term urinary function and significant relief from uncomfortable urine symptoms with appropriate therapy.
 

The following factors and actions might reduce your chance of developing bladder cancer:

  • Avoiding exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke can be done by either avoiding smoking or quitting.
  • When working with carcinogenic chemicals, wear the proper safety equipment and try to avoid exposure to compounds that cause cancer.
  • Consuming lots of water.
     

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