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Kidney Cancer Treatment in Bhubaneswar

Kidney Cancer

Kidney Cancer Treatment in Bhubaneswar

The abnormal proliferation of cells in your kidney tissue results in kidney cancer, which is also referred to as renal cancer. A tumour is a lump that develops from these cells over time, while a malignant tumour has the potential to spread to other tissues and important organs. This process is known as metastasis. When healthy cells undergo mutations and start to proliferate and divide quickly, kidney cancer arises. After that, the abnormal cells multiply, fuse, and develop into kidney tumours. The renal tubules are microscopic tubes that filter waste from the blood and create urine. Most often, this cancer starts in the lining of these tubes. 

The most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which accounts for about 90% of cases. Early detection improves the chances of successful treatment, which may involve Surgery, Targeted Therapy, Immunotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Advances in medical research are continually improving outcomes for kidney cancer patients, emphasising the importance of early diagnosis and personalised treatment strategies.
 

FAQ's

A kidney tumour cannot be identified by cause. However, a variety of factors, including the following, can raise your risk of kidney tumours:

  • Poor diet
  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • Elevated blood pressure
  • A person undergoing renal dialysis
  • Exposure to chlorinated chemicals at work
  • Genetics, which causes between 4 and 6 percent of kidney cancer cases 

Major types of kidney cancer include:

  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC): In adults, renal cell carcinoma is the most prevalent kind of kidney cancer. Though it can affect both kidneys, renal cell carcinoma typically begins as a solitary tumour in one of them. The cells lining the tubules in your kidney are where the cancer begins. 
  • Transitional cell carcinoma: Between 6% and 7% of kidney cancers are transitional cell carcinomas. Usually, this cancer starts where the ureter joins the major portion of your kidney.
  • Renal sarcoma: Making up only 1% of cases, renal sarcoma is the least frequent type of kidney cancer. It starts in the kidneys' connective tissues and, if left untreated, can spread to the bones and other organs nearby.
  • Wilms tumour: The most prevalent kind of kidney cancer in children is the Wilms tumour.
     

In the early stages, the majority of kidney tumours show no symptoms. If symptoms exist, they will probably be:

  • Haematuria
  • Pain on the flanks, between the hips and ribcage
  • One side of the body experiences low back pain (not from an injury)
  • Decrease in appetite
  • Weight loss
  • Anaemia, or low-red blood cell count
  • Persistent fever
     

Diagnosing kidney cancer involves several techniques:

  • Imaging Tests: To identify tumours, comprehensive images of the kidneys are provided by CT, MRI, and ultrasound scans.
  • Biopsy: To confirm malignancy, a sample of kidney tissue is taken and examined under a microscope.
  • Blood and Urine Tests: These can identify elements, including certain proteins or blood in the urine, that have been linked to kidney cancer.
  • Physical Examination: During a physical examination, doctors may palpate the body to feel for abnormal lumps.
     

Your provider may diagnose testicular cancer after examining a lump or other abnormality in your testicle discovered during a self-exam. The diagnostic tests used to detect testicular cancer include:

  • A basic physical checkup might sometimes reveal the presence of testicular cancer.
  • If abnormalities are detected, an ultrasound is likely to be done.
  • If the ultrasound shows cancer, an Inguinal Orchiectomy and Biopsy are performed, removing the affected testicle and examining the tissue for cancer cells.
  • A serum tumour marker test measures the levels of substances linked to specific types of cancer, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Different types of tumours may elevate different markers, indicating cancer spread. 
  • CT scans, X-rays, and MRIs are used to examine the inside of the body, including the abdomen, pelvis, lungs, and central nervous system, to detect cancer spread.
     

The aggressiveness and potential for metastasis of renal carcinoma cells are evaluated throughout the process of grading. Generally, it is evaluated on a scale of 1 to 4, with higher grades indicating more aggressive tumours and lower grades indicating less aggressive ones. The grading system takes into account variables such as the cancer cells' size, shape, and rate of division, as well as how much they resemble normal kidney tissue. Higher grades are frequently associated with more severe treatment modalities and a worse prognosis.
 

Cancer staging is also part of the diagnosis process. Staging gives critical information for treatment decisions, such as tumour size and whether the cancer has spread.

  • Stage 0 involves abnormal cells in the testicles
  • Stage I is confined to the testicle and may include nearby blood vessels.
  • Stage II spreads to lymph nodes in the abdomen.
  • Stage III extends to lymph nodes beyond the abdomen or to an organ.
     

In high grades of cancer, the kidney can proliferate rapidly, whereas low grades typically grow more slowly. The remaining forms, which include medullary, oncocytic, chromophobe, and papillary (types 1 and 2), are observed to be more aggressive. 

The treatment options for testicular cancer may include Surgery, Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy.

  • Surgery: Surgical treatment options for testicular cancer include Orchiectomy, Testicular-Sparing surgery (TSS), and Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection (RPLND). Orchiectomy is used to diagnose and treat early-stage or later-stage cancer, removing the entire testicle and mass. TSS is recommended for benign tumours and requires small tumour masses and negative tumour markers. RPLND is complex and requires skilled surgeons to remove lymph nodes in the back of the abdomen. It is used for Stage I cancer and germ cell tumours that may return. Post-surgery, Chemotherapy or surveillance may be offered based on the cancer's location, type, and risk of recurrence.
  • Radiation: Radiation kills testicular cancer cells in the testis or lymph nodes. It uses high-dose X-rays to kill cancer cells. Radiation may be administered after surgery to prevent the tumour from recurring.
  • Chemotherapy: It is used for cancers that spread beyond the testicles or if tumour markers rise after surgery. It can be combined with one, two, or three chemotherapies in three or four three-week cycles. Additional treatment depends on the cell type and follow-up tests. 
     

Make an appointment with your healthcare practitioner as soon as possible if you experience any symptoms of kidney cancer, such as blood in your urine, a mass around your kidney, or side pain. They can conduct tests to identify the root cause of your symptoms and create a customised course of care.
 

If you notice a lump or any other unusual changes in your testicle, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible for evaluation and diagnosis.

The most common treatment for kidney cancer is Surgery, which can cure the majority of patients with the disease in its early stages (stages 1, 2, and 3). Your healthcare provider decides what type of surgery is required based on your overall health conditions. Some of them are: 

  • Partial Nephrectomy: A Partial Nephrectomy involves removing the tumour or the affected portion of the kidney to preserve as much of the kidney as possible.
  • Radical Nephrectomy: A Radical Nephrectomy involves the removal of the entire kidney and surrounding tissues, along with lymph nodes.
  • Open surgery: Open surgery, or traditional surgery, is done through a large incision.
  • Laparoscopic surgery: Laparoscopic surgery is a procedure where smaller incisions are made to treat the underlying condition.
  • Robotic Surgery: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery is carried out using a robot's assistance. 

Thermal Ablation: Thermal Ablation is most commonly used for tiny tumours in patients who are not suitable candidates for Nephrectomy surgery because it destroys the tumour by burning or freezing it.

Active monitoring: If a tiny tumour is less than 4 centimetres (1.5 inches), active surveillance is done.

Radiation and Chemotherapy: The majority of kidney cancer types typically do not respond well to Chemotherapy or Radiation Therapy like those used to treat other types of cancer.
 

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