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Pneumothorax, commonly known as a collapsed lung, occurs when air enters between one of your lungs and the wall of your chest. It happens when air seeps from your lungs. The pressure from the outside air causes your lungs to partially collapse. When this occurs, you can inhale, but your lung cannot expand to its full capacity. Chest trauma, excessive lung pressure, or lung diseases including whooping cough, asthma, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can all cause it. A pneumothorax may often be treated minimally. However, every collapsed lung should be handled as a medical emergency until you learn more. If you have signs or symptoms of a collapsed lung, such as chest discomfort or difficulty breathing, get medical attention immediately. Your physician can identify the best course of action for you.
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The symptoms might range from minor to serious. If your condition is moderate, you may not notice anything. Common symptoms include:
Bluish skin, nails, and lips
Chest discomfort, soreness, or tightness, especially when you inhale
Coughing and fatigue
Rapid breathing
Fast heartbeat
Shortness of breath
Shoulder ache
Lightheadedness, or the impression that you are ready to faint
There are three primary causes of pneumothorax: medical disorders, trauma, and lifestyle factors.
Medical Conditions:
Asthma
Pneumonia
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder)
Collagen vascular disease
Cystic fibrosis
Emphysema
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Lung cancer
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Tuberculosis
Acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS
Injuries like chest injuries and traumas
Blunt-force trauma
A gunshot wound
Stab wound
Medical operations like nerve blocks, lung biopsies, central venous line installation and mechanical breathing
Lifestyle Factors
Drug usage, particularly inhaled medicines
Smoking
Flying entails dramatic variations in air pressure
Scuba or deep-sea- diving may make a person more prone
Your doctor will most likely begin with a physical exam. They will listen to your breathing with a stethoscope and tap your chest to see whether it sounds hollow.
You may undergo the following tests:
X-rays that allow your doctor to view the shape of your lung.
A CT scan is a sequence of X-rays that a computer converts to a detailed picture of your lung.
Arterial blood gas test, or pulse oximetry, monitors the amount of oxygen in your blood.
In some cases, an ECG may be done to rule out other conditions that can cause chest pain and shortness of breath, such as a heart attack.
The treatment for your pneumothorax is determined by its aetiology, size, and severity. Treatment can include:
Observation: If your pneumothorax is minimal, your doctor may monitor you for evidence of heart or breathing difficulties. You will return to your provider for a follow-up appointment.
Oxygen treatment: Thoracentesis is the process of inserting a temporary needle between your ribs on the pneumothorax side to remove air from your chest.
Chest tube drainage: To extract air from your pleura in the event of a big pneumothorax, your doctor may insert a tube into your chest.
Chemical pleurodesis: To keep your lung from collapsing again, your physician may do pleurodesis. Your physician creates an incision and inserts a tube. Then they employ chemicals (such as doxycycline or talcum powder) to connect your lung to your chest cavity, removing the additional space.
Some patients require surgery to restore damage and allow a punctured lung to recover. If various therapies do not work for you, surgery may be necessary.
Recovery from a pneumothorax often takes 1 or 2 weeks. But you have to wait for your doctor to declare that you're fine. Until then:
Resume your normal routine gradually. Go on walks or engage in other low-impact activities.
Observe your symptoms. Keep an eye out for chest aches or other indicators that you haven't fully recovered, such as a fever or bloody cough.
Lift only lightweight things. Avoid picking up anything heavier than a gallon of milk.
Be cautious with how you work out. Don't do anything that would shake your body, such as jogging or riding. Avoid playing contact sports.
Unfortunately, there is no method to avoid pneumothorax, which can develop spontaneously (spontaneous pneumothorax) or be caused by trauma. To reduce the likelihood of a collapsed lung:
Do not smoke.
Avoid or minimise activities that cause abrupt changes in air pressure (such as diving and flying). If you participate in these activities, make sure to take the measures indicated by your provider.
Visit your provider on a frequent basis to monitor any lung issues.
One may not be able to prevent a collapsed lung if they have a family history of pneumothorax or particular medical conditions.
You might need to stay in the hospital for several days or longer for treatment and observation if you have a collapsed lung.This allows your clinician to monitor your progress and administer oxygen if required.
A collapsed lung usually heals within a few days to two weeks. Your body absorbs the excess air surrounding your lungs, allowing them to re-inflate.
Most patients who have a collapsed lung recover without requiring extensive treatment. However, there is a probability that it will occur again. Consult your provider about your odds of recurrence and what to do if your symptoms return.
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