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Pulmonology Interventions Procedures in Broadway

Pulmonology Interventions

Pulmonology Interventions in Broadway

Interventional Pulmonology is an emerging subspecialty within pulmonary medicine that utilises advanced diagnostic tools and minimally invasive techniques to address conditions affecting the lungs and chest. Key procedures in the field include Bronchoscopy, Thoracentesis, Pleuroscopy, and comprehensive airway evaluation. Pulmonology interventions offer significant advantages, such as reduced need for invasive interventions, enhanced safety, and shorter recovery times. 

At Manipal Hospitals, Broadway, Kolkata, our interventional pulmonologists collaborate closely with a multidisciplinary team including cancer specialists, thoracic surgeons, and others to develop personalised care plans tailored to each patient’s specific needs. By leveraging cutting-edge diagnostics and treatment technology, we deliver the highest standard of care and strive to achieve optimal outcomes for our patients. 

 

FAQ's

An obstructed airway can result from various causes, including a tumour, scarring from long-term intubation, or side effects from chemotherapy or radiation. Interventional pulmonology procedures help maintain the patency of the airway, restore breathing, and prevent lung collapse.

Interventional pulmonology procedures are used in the following cases:

  • Diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer and other cancers that have spread to the chest
  • Benign tumours within the airway
  • Airway or pleural disorders
  • Bleeding or inflammation in the lung
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Asthma
  • Enlargement of lymph nodes near the chest
     

The primary tool used for interventional procedures is the bronchoscope. The instrument is in the shape of a small tube, which can be passed through your nose or mouth into your lungs. The camera and light attached to the bronchoscope provide a clear view of the lungs. With the images as a guide, small instruments are passed through the bronchoscope, which helps take a biopsy, remove tissue, and guide stent placement.
 

Some of the diagnostic tools used in Interventional Pulmonology are:
    

  • Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS): A bronchoscope with an ultrasound attached at its end is used for taking accurate biopsies. With linear and radial EBUS, access to hard-to-reach areas of the lung is possible.
  • Flexible bronchoscopy: Individual lobes or bronchi segments can be visualised with this diagnostic tool.
  • Rigid bronchoscopy: Using this bronchoscope during interventions helps to control the airway and lumen better. The tool can also be used for mechanical tumour debulking.
  • Autofluorescence bronchoscopy: A fluorescent source is used for identifying pre-malignant lung lesions.
  • Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB): This tool helps locate the precise location of lung lesions for diagnosis and treatment planning. The EBS combines GPS-like technology with a catheter-based system to assess deep lesions within the lungs.
  • Pleuroscopy: An endoscope is inserted into the lung cavity for diagnosing and treating pleural disease.
     
  • Lung or Lymph Node Biopsy: Using a bronchoscope, a sample for biopsy can be taken from any part of the lung or lymph node in the middle of the chest. The tissue samples are sent to the laboratory for further testing.
  • Thoracentesis: Patients with pleural effusion (the build-up of fluids around the lung lining) find it harder to breathe. Thoracentesis helps drain these fluids and improves comfort in patients.
  • Pleural Catheter: In some patients, a catheter is placed in the lung lining. This helps patients drain excess fluids that are collected in their lungs at home.
  • Pleurodesis: In patients with fluid build-up in the lungs even after Thoracentesis, Pleurodesis is used. After completely draining the fluid, a chemical is infused into the pleural space. Due to the chemical, the inner lining inflames and swells, causing the outer and inner linings to stick, preventing the rebuilding of fluids.
  • Balloon Placement: In patients with a narrowed airway, a deflated balloon is passed through the bronchoscope to widen the airway and help patients breathe better.
  • Stent Placement: When cancer presses on the airway, it can create a block and make it harder for the patient to breathe, eventually causing coughing and pneumonia. To overcome the block, a stent made of silicon, metal, or other material is placed within the airway to maintain its patency.
  • Airway Ablation: The procedure helps remove obstruction in the airways for patients with blocked or scarred airways.
  • Endobronchial Valve Placement: Tiny valves can be placed within the airways of the lungs using a bronchoscope to treat COPD and emphysema. This allows the healthy portions of the airway to expand and improve breathing.
  • Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy: A minimally invasive procedure that helps the patient breathe when the mouth and nose are obstructed.
  • Photodynamic Therapy: The procedure employs a light-sensitive medicine with a light source to destroy cancer cells.

Most procedures are performed on an outpatient basis, while others may require treatment in a hospital setting. 
 

Interventional Pulmonology procedures help the patients breathe better. Imaging and minimally invasive techniques are employed to identify the underlying cause of airway blockage and treat it, helping them breathe better. 

If the airway blockage is caused by malignant tumours, the airway can be opened quickly without having to wait for chemotherapy or radiation treatment to shrink the tumours. In patients with pleural effusions, excess fluids may be drained from the pleura to help patients breathe better. Due to the less intrusive nature of these interventions, patients experience less trauma and recover quickly.
 

Interventional pulmonologists work closely with oncologists and other cancer care experts to personalise treatment, help preserve lung function, and reduce side effects. During your treatment, interventional pulmonologists are responsible for monitoring your treatment response and modifying your treatment plans accordingly. The speciality deals with treating the symptoms of lung disease that may have an impact on the patient’s quality of life and interfere with cancer treatment.
 

Some of the common complications are:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Pneumothorax (accumulation of air in the pleural space)
     

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