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Joint replacement surgery involves removing a damaged joint and replacing it with an artificial implant. This procedure is typically performed by an orthopaedic surgeon. Instead of removing the entire joint, the surgeon may sometimes repair or replace only the damaged portions. Joints are the junctions where two or more bones connect, like those found in the knee, hip, and shoulder. Joint replacement surgery aims to improve mobility and reduce pain. The most commonly replaced joints are the knees and hips, though joints like the elbows, fingers, ankles, and shoulders can also be candidates for replacement. The artificial joints, or prostheses, can be made from ceramic, plastic, or metal components.
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When non-surgical interventions fail to alleviate pain and improve mobility, your physician may recommend joint replacement. These interventions can include physical therapy, medications, walking aids like canes or braces, exercise, and weight loss. Additionally, your surgeon may discuss alternative procedures that do not involve total joint replacement. If you experience persistent pain and limited mobility in the joint, affecting activities like walking, climbing stairs, or bathing, joint replacement often becomes the preferred option.
Initially, the surgical team will administer medication to manage discomfort through anaesthesia. This can either induce general anaesthesia, putting your entire body to sleep or provide regional anaesthesia, targeting pain relief in a specific area. Subsequently, the damaged joint will be replaced with a new artificial joint. Each procedure is unique, and the duration can vary based on the extent of joint damage and the surgical technique employed. Your doctor or a team member will provide you with information on preparing for the surgery, the expected duration, and what to expect in the hours following the procedure.
After knee replacement surgery, it's important to follow certain restrictions to optimise your recovery. Most knee replacement patients experience no long-term limitations. Avoid high-impact activities like football, soccer, basketball, gymnastics, running, and jogging, as these can strain the new knee joint. Limit prolonged sitting to reduce the risk of blood clots and swelling. Initially, restrict stair use to essential movements within your home. Use a walker or cane when walking to minimise the risk of falls and support your recovery. Pay attention to severe pain and consult your doctor for effective management.
Joint replacement surgery carries certain risks, which can vary depending on the type of surgery, your overall health, and the condition of your joints prior to the procedure. It is crucial to adhere to your surgeon's recommendations regarding pre-operative preparations, post-operative care, and rehabilitation exercises.
Potential complications may include:
Infection
Blood clots
Loosening of the replacement joint
Damage to blood vessels or nerves
It is important to promptly report any unusual symptoms or concerns to your healthcare provider for timely evaluation and management.
Arthritis is a common cause of knee and hip joint damage, but other conditions can also lead to joint problems. If you find simple tasks like walking or standing up from a chair painful and challenging due to severe arthritis or injury, it may be a sign that you need joint replacement surgery. Difficulty climbing stairs or experiencing pain during sleep can also indicate joint issues.
While pain medication can offer temporary relief, relying on it long-term can have side effects on your kidneys or stomach. If these symptoms persist and affect your daily life, your doctor may recommend total knee or hip replacement surgery. Remember, it's a significant procedure, so it's essential to consider it carefully and discuss it thoroughly with your doctor
Your knees and feet should be directed straight ahead rather than in or out. As directed by your therapist, you should either have your knees bent or stretched out. Steep chairs, couches, rocking chairs, soft chairs, and stools should be avoided following surgery.
Recovering from joint replacement surgery varies for each person, but most people start to feel better within a few weeks to a couple of months. You will likely need to stay in the hospital for a few days after the surgery. Physical therapy will be an important part of your recovery to help you regain strength and mobility in the joint.
Many people can return to light activities within a few weeks, but full recovery and returning to all activities may take several months. It's essential to follow your doctor's instructions for post-surgery care and attend all recommended physical therapy sessions to ensure a successful recovery.
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