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Patent Ductus Arteriosus PDA Device Closure

Patent Ductus Arteriosus PDA Device Closure

Patent Ductus Arteriosus PDA Device Closure in Dhakuria

A Transcatheter PDA Closure is a minimally invasive, non-surgical procedure to close the ductus arteriosus. For many babies, a Transcatheter PDA Closure is a treatment of choice because of the lower risk and the faster and shorter recovery time. The PDA closure device remains permanently implanted in your heart. As the baby grows, their heart starts to heal naturally and slowly. This entire procedure takes around 45 minutes to complete. The vast majority of the patients undergoing device closure of a PDA spend one night in the hospital. It is an effective treatment for complications like hemolysis, endocarditis, and the narrowing of adjacent vessels.

FAQ's

Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital heart disease that, if not treated well, leads to pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, and eventually death. This complication can be reduced with early diagnosis and treatment. Treatment is completely based on the patient, and the PDA can be closed by medical or surgical methods that include Catheterization. 

It is the most common way to close the PDA, and it can be done on older babies and patients. The doctor will give anaesthesia to the patients, and then they will insert a thin tube that is a catheter that reaches into your heart. A small metal coil or other blocking device is passed up through the catheter and placed in the arteriosus. This device will block the flow through the vessels.

The ductus arteriosus is a foetal vessel that allows the oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the foetal lungs. At birth, the newborn inhales air from the lungs for the first time. This causes the pulmonary vascular resistance to drop, and the blood starts to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs for the oxygenation process. The increased arterial oxygen tension and decreasing blood flow through the ductus arteriosus cause the ductus to constrict, and it finally closes within 12 to 24 hours of birth. In premature infants, the ductus arteriosus does not close rapidly; it requires medical attention and surgery to close the ductus.

Treatment options are there, but it can be difficult for individuals as the nature of the disorder varies among different patients.

There is no cure for Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA); however, treatment options are available. It can be challenging for individuals as the nature of the disorder varies among different patients. PDA is managed using medical treatments and can be addressed through Medication, Catheterization or Surgery to maintain normal blood flow.  

The exact cause of the PDA is yet to be discovered, but we do know that patent ductus arteriosus is linked with the following:

  • German Measles during Pregnancy: Babies who are born to a mother suffering from rubella, also known as German measles, may have high risks of PDA.
  • Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: This occurs in babies with weak lungs, resulting in insufficient oxygen supply and inadequate surfactant, a natural lubricant, which increases the likelihood of developing PDA.

The symptoms of the patent ductus arteriosus depend on the size of the baby's aorta and the pulmonary artery. If its size is small, the baby will not show any symptoms, but a larger opening causes symptoms, which are as follows:

  • Fast or hard breathing
  • Frequent respiratory infections
  • Heart murmur sound
  • Poor weight gain
  • Trouble feeding or tiredness while feeding.

A doctor may notice the signs of PDA soon after the birth of the baby. At the time of physical examination, they listen to the heart murmur or congestion in the lungs. They also check the pulse rate and blood pressure. Other tests include the signs of a hole, and they include:

  1. Echocardiogram: An ultrasound scan of the heart
  2. Electrocardiogram: A test that uses electrodes to evaluate the heart.

It is one of the most common types of congenital heart defects. A PDA, defined as failure of the ductus arteriosus to close within 72 hours after birth, results in significant infant mortality rates of up to 30%. The potential complications that are linked with patent ductus arteriosus after birth include heart failure, renal dysfunction, and altered postnatal nutrition and growth. Also, PDA is one of the major risk factors for the development of chronic lung disease.

Usually, the patent ductus arteriosus has a tubular shape or maybe funnel-shaped with a wide aorta orifice and narrowed pulmonary end, which is restrictive to the flow. The narrow orifice represents the site of the initial closure.

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