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Structural Heart Disease Intervention Including Transaortic Valve Implantation Left Atrial Appendage Closures Balloon Mitral Valvotomy Balloon Pulmonary Valvotomy

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Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) is a medical procedure that is used to improve the blood flow in your heart by replacing a defective aortic valve that gets narrowed and doesn’t open fully. Due to the defective valve, there is a blockage and a slowing of blood flow from the heart to the body. This condition is called aortic stenosis. The aortic valve is present between the left lower heart chamber (left ventricle) and the body's main artery (aorta). TAVI is also known as Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). TAVI is an alternative to Open-Heart Aortic Surgery to replace the aortic valve. With TAVI, a shorter hospital stay and a low risk of complications have been observed.

FAQ's

A person may be required to undergo TAVI if he is suffering from the following conditions:

  • Aortic stenosis with moderate to severe symptoms.
  • Improper functioning of the aortic valve.
  • As an alternative treatment for lung or kidney diseases, which makes open heart surgery a risky treatment.

You need to make sure of the following things before undergoing TAVI:

  •  It will be better to stay active and maintain a good weight before undergoing the procedure.
  • You need to stop smoking if you are a smoker.
  • Your healthcare provider will give you instructions on how to prepare for TAVI. 
  • Your healthcare professional will take your medical history into account. You need to tell your healthcare team about all the medicines you take and if you have any known drug allergies. You will be told to avoid drinking and eating anything for some time before TAVI.

Before you undergo TAVI, you may have to take one or more of the following tests:

  • Blood tests
  • Echocardiogram
  • ECG
  • CT Scans
  • Coronary Angiogram
  • Trans-oesophageal Echocardiogram (TOE)
  • Chest X-ray
  • Breathing tests

Your hand or forearm will have an IV inserted by a medical practitioner. Sedative medication is injected through the IV. The medication induces drowsiness, calmness, or relaxation. IV treatment may also include anti-infection and anti-blood clot medications.

Any hair in the area of your body where the treatment is going to take place may be shaved by a member of your healthcare team.

A local anaesthetic injection will be administered to you to prevent pain in your upper leg and under your collarbone. The numbed area is then used to insert a small tube, called a catheter, into your artery. After inserting the tube into the aortic valve hole, the old valve is replaced with a new one composed of animal tissue and metal.

To make a place for the new valve, the balloon at the end of the catheter tube may be blown up or the valve may expand on its own. Your medical staff will be constantly monitoring you during the process. Your finger will have a clip that measures your oxygen saturation levels, and you will be connected to a cardiac monitor that records your heart rhythm and pace. Additionally, you will routinely have your blood pressure tested. A lot of people report feeling under strain during the TAVI. Inform the team if you experience any chest pain or feel sick at any time. When the catheter tube is removed following the surgery, there can be some minor bleeding.

After the procedure, you will spend the first night after surgery in an intensive care unit so that you may be monitored for a while. You may be discharged within a day or two, depending on your condition. You will be asked to take care of your wound and follow some protocols for a better recovery. Some drugs, including anticoagulants (blood thinners) to prevent blood clots, antibiotics, and painkillers, will be prescribed to you.

By undergoing, TAVI you will get relief from:

  • Chest pain
  • Breathing problem
  • Fatigue
  • Dizziness
  • Heart failure.
  • There will be better blood flow through the heart leading to good physical and mental health.
  • TAVI offers a lower risk of death and strokes.
  • There is a shorter hospital stay and shorter recovery time with TAVI.

TAVI has a high success rate, with the majority of patients reporting improved quality of life and reduced symptoms following the surgery.

Like all surgeries and medical procedures, there are risks associated with TAVI, and they may include:

  • Bleeding
  • Blood vessel problems
  • Leakage of valve
  • Stroke
  • Irregular heart rhythm 
  • Kidney disease
  • Infection on the site of catheter insertion

You need to visit your doctor regularly for checkups and imaging tests after TAVI. Contact your doctor immediately if you have the following serious symptoms:

  • Chest pain 
  • Shortness of breath
  • Fainting
  • Swelling, redness, and infection at the site of catheter insertion
  • Increase in weight 
  • Dizziness

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