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Minimally invasive surgery for Acute Pancreatitis

Minimally invasive surgery for Acute Pancreatitis

Minimally invasive surgery for Acute Pancreatitis in Dhakuria

The use of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) procedures is becoming more common in the treatment of acute pancreatitis, especially when Endoscopic treatments or conservative care prove insufficient. Comparing MIS procedures to standard open surgery may yield several advantages, including decreased rates of complications, shorter hospital stays, faster recovery periods, and less discomfort following surgery. 

The following minimally invasive methods are used to treat acute pancreatitis:

  • Laparoscopic Surgery
  • Endoscopic Interventions
  • Percutaneous Drainage
  • Minimally Invasive Retroperitoneal Necrosectomy
  • Transduodenal Drainage

Minimally Invasive Surgery may be chosen based on several factors, including the severity and location of pancreatitis, the presence of complications, the patient's overall health, and the expertise of the medical team. Often, a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, gastroenterologists, interventional radiologists, and other specialists is needed to maximise patient outcomes.

FAQ's

Acute pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas. Gallstones or excessive alcohol consumption are common causes of acute pancreatitis. Among the symptoms are fever, vomiting, nausea, and severe stomach pain. Possible consequences include pancreatic necrosis or systemic inflammation. Clinical assessment and imaging tests, including CT scans and blood tests, are frequently employed in the diagnosis procedure. Intravenous Fluids, Pain Management, and treating underlying issues are the cornerstones of treatment. In extreme circumstances, hospitalisation, supportive care, and even surgery may be required.

The initial symptoms of acute pancreatitis are typically severe, acute upper abdominal pain that lasts for a few hours or days. Some symptoms are:

  • Persistent pain in the back, upper abdomen, and other places
  • Either abrupt, severe pain can occur or mild pain that gets worse as you eat and drink
  • Elevated heart rate
  • High temperature
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Tender and swollen abdomen

The following are some factors that raise your risk of pancreatitis:

  • Excessive drinking: Research indicates that having four or five beers a day increases the risk of pancreatitis.
  • Smoking of cigarettes: Smokers have an average three-fold increased risk of developing chronic pancreatitis as compared to nonsmokers. Reducing tobacco use can lower the risk.
  • Being overweight: Pancreatitis is more common in people with a body mass index of 30 or above.
  • Diabetes: Pancreatitis is more likely in those who have diabetes.

History of pancreatitis in the family: Chronic pancreatitis has been related to several genes. Elevated risk is associated with a family history of the condition, particularly when paired with other risk factors.

Acute pancreatitis may result in several problems, such as:

  • Pancreatic necrosis: Necrosis of the pancreas can result from severe inflammation, which kills tissue inside the organ. Infection, the development of an abscess, and systemic problems may follow.
  • Pancreatic pseudocyst: A pseudocyst is a build-up of fluid and tissue fragments outside the pancreas. These cysts could burst, get infectious, or impede organs that are close by.
  • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): Severe inflammation and systemic consequences of pancreatitis can result in lung problems like ARDS, which make breathing difficult.
  • Sepsis: Bloodstream infections and sepsis, a potentially fatal illness, can result from infections of pseudocysts or pancreatic necrosis.
  • Multi-organ failure: Severe pancreatitis can lead to several organ failures, including heart issues, liver failure, and kidney failure.

Early medical intervention and monitoring are crucial for effectively preventing and managing these outcomes.

Several techniques may be carried out during Minimally Invasive Surgery for acute pancreatitis, depending on the patient's particular needs. Common procedures include Minimally Invasive Necrosectomy (removal of dead tissue) if necrosis is present, Laparoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections, and removal of gallstones causing pancreatitis. These treatments are carried out precisely by inserting specialised equipment and a camera into the abdomen through tiny incisions. This method is a good choice in some cases of acute pancreatitis since it attempts to minimise complications, lessen post-operative pain, and speed up recovery in comparison to open surgery.

  • When treating acute pancreatitis, Minimally Invasive Surgery may be used for persistent fluid accumulations (such as necrosis or pseudocysts), despite cautious care.
  • Necrosis of the infected pancreas.
  • Failure in non-surgical management.
  • Complications, such as the development of an abscess.
  • Persistent problems even after receiving conservative care.
  • Vascular issues, such as pseudoaneurysms.
  • Obstructive jaundice brought on by bile duct compression.

When treating acute pancreatitis, the following conditions preclude Minimally Invasive Surgery:

  • Shock or hemodynamic instability.
  • Significant coagulopathy.
  • Widespread necrosis and the pancreas's diffuse involvement.
  • Unable to use minimally invasive procedures to securely access the affected area.
  • Severe adhesions inside the abdomen, prevent a safe surgery site.
  • The patient's intolerance to pneumoperitoneum or general anaesthesia.
  • Uncontrolled sepsis or failure of multiple organs.

 

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