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Antibiotics are drugs that either kill or slow the growth of microorganisms. They are prescribed by doctors to treat bacterial infections. They achieve this by eliminating bacteria and preventing their growth. Understanding antibiotics is very important before consumption and hence read this blog entirely to get the right information.
There are several ways to deliver antibiotics:
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Orally (via the mouth)
This could come as tablets, capsules, or liquids.
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Topically
This might be applied to your skin as a cream, spray, or ointment. You might use ear drops, eye drops, or eye ointment.
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By injection or intravenously (IV).
This is commonly used for more severe infections.
Classes of Antibiotics
Antibiotics are classified according to their chemical structure. However, antibiotics from each class frequently have diverse physiological effects and may work against multiple microbes. Different classes of antibiotics include:
| Class | Examples |
|
Penicillins |
Amoxicillin (Amoxil) |
| Macrolides |
Azithromycin (Zithromax) and erythromycin (Ery-Tab) |
| Cephalosporins |
Cephalexin (Keflex) and Cefdinir (Omnicef) |
| Fluoroquinolones |
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and Levofloxacin (Levaquin) |
| Beta-lactams with increased activity |
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin) |
| Urinary anti-infectives |
Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid) |
| Lincosamides |
Clindamycin (Cleocin) |
This above-mentioned table is not a complete list; other classes and brand names exist. Furthermore, penicillins, cephalosporins, and other antibiotics can be classified as beta-lactam medicines.
How do antibiotics work?
Antibiotics are classified into many classes based on their modes of action and bacterial targets. In general, bacteria have three main antibiotic targets:
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The bacterial cell walls or membranes that surround it.
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The machinery used to create the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.
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The mechanism responsible for protein production (the ribosome and related proteins).
Antibiotics work by targeting specific types of bacteria and either killing them or inhibiting their growth. They do this by interfering with the bacterial cell wall, DNA replication, protein synthesis, or other essential cellular processes. Different antibiotics have different mechanisms of action, but ultimately they aim to disrupt the bacteria's ability to survive and reproduce. It is important to remember that antibiotics only work against bacterial illnesses and do not work against viral infections.
Antibiotics normally do not affect our cells because these targets are missing or physically different in human and mammalian cells. However, antibiotics might have undesirable side effects in some conditions.
Visit a top hospital if you want to know how to take antibiotics and their side effects.
How long do antibiotics take to work?
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When you begin taking antibiotics, they immediately begin to work. However, one may not feel better for another 2 to 3 days. The rate at which the individual recovers from antibiotic treatment varies. It is also dependent on the sort of infection being treated.
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The majority of antibiotics should be taken for 7 to 14 days. In certain conditions, shorter treatments are equally effective. The doctor will determine the appropriate period of treatment and antibiotic type for the individual.
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Even if the person feels better after a few days of therapy, it is recommended to complete the entire antibiotic program to completely resolve your infection. This can also help in the prevention of antibiotic resistance. One should not discontinue their antibiotic program unless their doctor has approved it.
Why are antibiotics needed?
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Antibiotics are important for treating bacterial infections and stopping their transmission throughout the body. These infections can affect different areas like the respiratory system, urinary tract, and skin.
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Antibiotics function by attacking and eradicating the bacteria responsible for the infection or hindering their growth. They provide effective treatment and save lives when used correctly, such as in cases of pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and bacterial meningitis.
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Besides treating infections, antibiotics are also administered prophylactically to prevent infections in high-risk individuals, such as those undergoing surgery or with compromised immune systems. It is essential to use antibiotics judiciously to avoid bacterial resistance. Following healthcare professionals' guidance and using antibiotics as prescribed, their effectiveness in combating bacterial infections and preventing antibiotic resistance should be ensured.
Why is it important to take antibiotics only when they are needed?
Antibiotics should only be used when necessary because they can produce negative effects and contribute to antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria mutate and become resistant to the actions of an antibiotic. This suggests that the germs are still growing. Consult your doctor if you want to know when to take antibiotics to treat certain conditions.
Possible side-effects of using antibiotics
Antibiotic side effects can range from minimal to severe. Some of the most common side effects include:
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Rash
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Nausea
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Diarrhea
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Infections caused by yeast
Severe side effects may include:
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Different infections cause diarrhoea, which can lead to serious colon damage and, in extreme cases, death.
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Severe and potentially fatal allergic reactions.
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Infections caused by antibiotic resistance.
What is antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria adapt to protect themselves from an antibiotic. Bacteria become resistant when their genes change (or mutate) after coming into contact with an antibiotic. Microorganisms can potentially evolve antibiotic resistance through interaction with other microorganisms. Resistant bacteria can transmit their genes to other bacteria, resulting in the formation of a new antibiotic-resistant strain of bacteria.
The more antibiotics that are used, the more likely bacteria will develop resistance to them. Doctors will have fewer medications to employ as more antibiotics stop working against bacterial illnesses. Many common infections might cause drugs to stop working overtime. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a public health advisory. Antibiotic resistance is regarded as one of the most serious dangers to global public health today.
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