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Usually occurring in the lower back, this condition involves one vertebra sliding forward onto the vertebra below. People may not even realise that they have the disease in mild cases because there are no symptoms. Displaced vertebrae commonly pressure nerves, resulting in back pain, buttock pain, leg weakness, or numbness. In rare cases, the patient may even lose control of his bladder or bowels if the right nerves are pressed.
There are three main types of spondylolisthesis,
Degenerative spondylolisthesis: The most common type of spondylolisthesis is degenerative, which occurs as we age
Isthmic spondylolisthesis - caused by spondylolysis (vertebral stress fracture).
Congenital Spondylolisthesis - Spondylolisthesis resulting from congenital disabilities
Causes
Young athletes often suffer from spondylolisthesis due to overextending their spines. Genetics may also play a role. In some people, the vertebral bone is thinner at birth, and older people can develop this condition due to wear and tear on their spine and disks.
Symptoms
Mostly this does not show any symptoms in many people. But some people may experience symptoms like,
A hamstring muscle spasm (muscles at the back of the thighs).
Stiffness in the back.
Long-term standing or walking is difficult.
Bending over causes pain.
A feeling of numbness, weakness, or tingling in the foot.
Diagnosis
Healthcare providers use spinal X-rays to determine if a vertebra is misaligned.
In more detail, a CT or MRI scan may be necessary to see the spine or soft tissues, such as the discs and nerves.
Treatment Procedures
Non-Surgical Procedures: The pain associated with this condition can be mitigated and managed non-surgically. Among them are:
In the case of acute pain, your doctor during spondylolisthesis treatment in Hebbal, Bangalore may recommend temporary rest and restricted motion to prevent further aggravating the injury.
Strengthening the muscles surrounding the affected area and learning the suitable types of low-impact exercise will help you stabilise your back while regaining mobility.
Several over-the-counter pain medications are available, including Tylenol and anti-inflammatory medications. Doctors may prescribe stronger pain medications or muscle relaxants in cases of extreme pain.
An epidural steroid injection can relieve pain and inflammation in the back or legs of patients who suffer from back pain or numbness.
Stabilising back braces are especially useful for patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis who need time to recover.
Regenerative Injection Therapy: In recent years, Spondylolisthesis patients have found regenerative injection helpful therapy. Regenerative cells from the patient's body are taken, concentrated, and injected into the injured area to promote the body's natural healing processes. One of two types of injection therapy may be recommended by the doctor, either of which can facilitate and accelerate healing and provide lasting relief:
Platelet-rich Plasma Therapy: This therapy involves drawing blood from the patient and separating the plasma containing high concentrations of platelet blood cells to aid tissue regeneration and clotting. The plasma is then injected into the affected area.
Stem Cell Therapy: During this procedure, stem cells are extracted from fatty tissue in the abdominal area and reintroduced at the injury site. As a result of their ability to differentiate, stem cells can replace damaged or dead tissues and assist in the healing process.
Surgical Procedures
Surgery is the only option for long-term relief of spondylolisthesis after exhausting non-surgical treatments. Sometimes, a surgeon may choose to do one or more specific procedures to correct the problem, depending on the type of injury and the particular conditions. Decompression (relieving pressure) and stabilisation are the two primary objectives of these procedures.
Spinal fusion (fusing the vertebrae to stabilise the affected area) is one of the most common surgical procedures to correct spondylolisthesis. It is possible to combine both procedures in some cases.
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