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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a serious condition that damages your heart valves, often stemming from a previous streptococcal infection. While less common in developed countries due to widespread antibiotic use, RHD remains a significant global health concern. This blog delves into the causes of RHD, the signs and symptoms to watch for, and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Synopsis
What are the Causes of Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Rheumatic heart disease doesn't develop overnight. It's a consequence of a complication caused by a group A streptococcal infection. Here's how it unfolds:
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Strep Throat or Scarlet Fever: The most common culprits are strep throat or scarlet fever, caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. These infections typically cause a sore throat, fever, and sometimes a rash.
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Untreated or Partially Treated Strep Infection: If a strep infection goes untreated or isn't fully treated with antibiotics, the bacteria can linger in the body.
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Molecular Mimicry and Autoimmune Attack: A concerning phenomenon occurs. The body's immune system, tasked with fighting the strep infection, mistakenly identifies certain proteins in the heart valves as similar to those of the bacteria. This triggers an autoimmune attack.
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Inflammation and Scarring: The immune system's misguided attack leads to inflammation of the heart valves. Over time, this inflammation can cause scarring and thickening of the valves, hindering their proper function.
Rheumatic Heart Disease: Signs and Symptoms
Rheumatic heart disease can develop gradually, and symptoms might not appear for years or even decades after the initial streptococcal infection. Here are some rheumatic heart disease symptoms to be aware of:
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Heart Murmur: This is an abnormal sound heard during a stethoscope examination, often caused by malfunctioning heart valves due to RHD.
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Shortness of Breath: This can occur at rest or during physical activity as the heart struggles to pump blood efficiently due to damaged valves.
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Chest Pain: Pain or discomfort in the chest can be a warning sign, especially if it worsens with exertion.
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Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired and lacking energy can be a symptom of RHD, as the heart isn't functioning optimally.
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Palpitations: A fluttering or racing sensation in the chest can indicate irregular heartbeats, sometimes caused by RHD.
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Swollen Ankles or Feet: Fluid buildup due to heart failure, a potential complication of RHD, can lead to swelling in the lower extremities.
Consult our rheumatology hospital in Pune if you are experiencing rheumatic heart disease symptoms.
Importance of Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Early diagnosis and treatment of RHD are crucial to prevent further damage to the heart valves. If you experience any of the above symptoms, particularly after a past streptococcal infection, consult our experienced cardiologists in Kharadi, Pune promptly. Diagnosis might involve:
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Physical Examination: Listening for heart murmurs with a stethoscope.
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Medical History: Discussing past illnesses, particularly strep throat or scarlet fever.
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Imaging Tests: Echocardiogram (ultrasound of the heart) to assess the structure and function of the heart valves.
Treatment Options and Living with Rheumatic Heart Disease
Treatment for RHD focuses on managing symptoms, preventing further progression of the disease, and reducing the risk of complications. Here are some potential approaches:
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Antibiotics: To eradicate any lingering strep infection and prevent future infections.
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Medications: Diuretics to manage fluid buildup and medications to regulate heart rhythm if needed.
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Valve Repair or Replacement Surgery: In severe cases, surgery might be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
Can Rheumatic Heart Disease Be Prevented?
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Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle: A balanced diet, regular exercise, and managing weight can improve overall health and reduce strain on the heart.
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Regular Checkups: Regular visits to your doctor are essential to monitor your condition and adjust treatment as needed.
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Dental Hygiene: Good oral hygiene is crucial to prevent future streptococcal infections that could worsen RHD.
Conclusion
Rheumatic heart disease is a serious condition, but early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve outcomes. By being aware of the causes and symptoms, and seeking medical attention promptly if you have concerns, you can take charge of your heart health and live a fulfilling life. Book a consultation with our cardiologist in Kharadi, Pune for diagnosis and personalised treatment. You can also bookmark our blog page to read the latest healthcare blogs written by our doctors.
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