Bladder Cancer - Symptoms And Causes
Dr. Karthik K S
4 Min Read
Sep 15, 2023
Our Centre of Excellence in Oncology practises a holistic approach in treating the entire spectrum of cancers at all the stages. The department has complete spectrum of Clinical Specialties in Oncology including Surgical, Medical (Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, and Hormone Therapy), Radiation Therapy, Hematology and bone marrow transplant. Our team of experts are extremely adept at diagnosing the most challenging cases, staging the disease, treating with medications, radiotherapy or operating with the advanced technology that Manipal Hospitals is equipped with, to combat cancers across all ages including children. Quaternary care is at the core of our healing ethos and our specialised experts are aces in this discipline.
At Manipal Hospitals, we have a dedicated Tumour Board discussion for patients. Each patient is unique and teaches us myriad aspects of cancer treatment. Each case presented to the board is studied in detail, and the best possible treatment approach is suggested. Evidence-based, internationally approved chemotherapy guidelines are followed for the treatment of various solid and haematological cancers.
Book an appointment with oncologists at our Cancer Hospital in Mangalore if you need treatment and care for cancer.
Colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure in which a colposcope (a dissecting microscope with various magnification lenses) is used to provide an illuminated magnified view of the cervix, vagina, vulva or anus to identify precancerous and cancerous lesions so that they may be treated early.
A core biopsy is a procedure where a needle is passed through the skin to obtain a sample of tissue from a mass or lump. The tissue sample is then examined under a microscope for any abnormalities.
Chemotherapy has been the accepted therapeutic paradigm for the treatment of advanced cancers. This mode of treatment involves the use of systemic chemotherapy drugs which target specific areas where cancer cells grow.
This therapy of cancer treatment uses the body's immune system to kill cancer cells. Biological therapy for cancer is used in the treatment of many types of cancer to prevent or slow tumor growth and to prevent the spread of cancer.
Intracavitary chemotherapy involves the injecting of chemotherapy through a tube (catheter), directly into a body cavity. It gives a very high dose of chemotherapy to the tumour, but only a very low dose to the rest of the body. Intracavitary chemotherapy can be injected into the bladder – intravesical, the abdominal cavity – intra peritoneal, or the…
Day care chemotherapy is extended to those patients who have been advised short therapies or cancer procedures that do not require a night stay in hospital. Domiciliary chemotherapy involves making chemotherapy services available to cancer patients in their homes. This is mostly for the elderly who cannot reach the hospital for chemotherapy sessions.
Bone marrow transplant is a procedure where a person's faulty bone marrow stem cells are replaced by healthy ones. Bone marrow transplants are done to treat patients suffering from leukemia, and severe blood diseases such as thalassemias, aplastic anemia, and sickle cell anemia, as well as multiple myeloma and certain immune deficiency diseases.
A PICC is a thin, flexible tube that is inserted into a vein in the upper arm and guided into a large vein above the right side of the heart called the superior vena cava. It is used to give intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, chemotherapy, and other drugs. Bone marrow aspiration is the removal of a small amount of this tissue in liquid form for…
In order to reach inaccessible tumours, shorten surgery time or to reduce side effects, onco surgeons prescribe the innovative robotic surgery.
In some cancer patients, chemotherapy is safely delivered through a standard (or “peripheral”) IV line. Other times, infusions must be administered through a central line catheter, such as a PICC, CVC or port.
Palliative care is the holistic approach to cancer care that addresses the patient as a whole, not just their disease. It also means learning to manage the cancer symptoms and side effects.
Child life specialists focus on the optimal development and well-being of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults suffering from cancer. They help in promoting coping skills and minimizing the adverse effects of hospitalization, health care, and other potentially stressful experiences.
Play is a natural part of childhood and is important in child development. Through play therapy children also learn self-control, self respect, to express their feelings, problem solving, communication skills, and to modify problem behaviors. In children afflicted with cancer, play therapy is a comforting tool.
Counseling is an integral element of oncology treatment. A counselor is trained to listen to the patient and the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual problems that he or she might face
SBRT is also known as stereotactic ablative radiotherapy. This machine administers very high doses of radiation, using several beams of various intensities aimed at different angles to precisely target the tumor.
SRS refers to the precise and focused delivery of a single, high dose of radiation in a single session and has been used to treat various intracranial and skull base lesions.
This is the latest non-invasive, non-melanoma skin cancer treatment option through delivering a precise and calibrated dose of radiation that penetrates just below the skin's surface, only a mere 5 millimeters. It safely and effectively destroys malignant non-melanoma skin cancer cells.
3D-CRT, involves creating 3-D computer images and delivering highly focused radiation to tumors while sparing nearby healthy tissue. 3D-CRT is a type of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), which is the most common radiation treatment used for cancer of the inner lining of the chest or lungs.
Palliative radiation therapy is one form of palliative therapy which treats the symptoms of the cancer. The radiation is used to shrink a tumor or tumors that are causing the symptoms.
For tumors in the thorax and abdomen, reducing the treatment margin for organ motion due to breathing reduces the volume of normal tissues that will be irradiated. ABC apparatus is constructed consisting of 2 pairs of flow monitor and scissor valve, 1 each to control the inspiration and expiration paths to the patient. The patient breathes through…
The smart arc machine is designed to provide the tools to create rotational intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans using a conventional linear accelerator and a conventional multileaf collimator (MLC). Plans are delivered while the gantry rotates around the patient. The intensity of the radiation is modulated and the shape of the beam is…
Brachytherapy involves placing radioactive material inside your body. Brachytherapy is one type of radiation therapy that's used to treat cancer and is sometimes called internal radiation. Brachyvision is a complete 3D treatment planning system that introduces a new paradigm of patient-centric, image-based planning.
Two Linear accelerator – Elekta Precise and Elekta Infinity along with Gamma med brachytherapy system offering complete range of radiation oncology service. Manipal Hospital sports the highly advanced brachytherapy system using precision radiation medicine to work towards a future where all patients can benefit from precise and individually tailored…
IGRT is one of the most advanced innovations in cancer technology available. It uses advanced 2D and 3D imaging to ensure that the positioning of the tumor will match the dose delivery on this state of the art machine. Since tumors can move during treatment because of the patient’s breathing, IGRT allows doctors to locate and track the tumor during…
The VMAT is a unique radiation therapy technique that delivers the radiation dose continuously as the machine rotates.
Why choose Manipal
IMRT is an advanced mode of high-precision radiotherapy that uses computer-controlled linear accelerators to deliver precise radiation doses to a malignant tumor or specific areas within the tumor.
Brachytherapy treatment involves placing radioactive sources such as a catheter, needle or applicator into a device called an interstitial implant. This device is then inserted into the vagina, uterus or body tissues. The interstitial implant is surgically placed into your pelvis first.
The ICR is a type of internal radiation therapy in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into a body cavity such as the chest cavity or the vagina. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays or radioactive particles to kill cancer cells and may be used for cervical cancer treatment.
IGB uses advanced imaging techniques to make brachytherapy more precise, safe, and effective. Brachytherapy is done through four phases that include the placement of hollow catheters or hollow carriers, CT or MRI imaging of the site, computer calculations of the dose distribution, and robotic radiation treatment.
This expansive discipline includes:
- SLNB – Sentinal Lymph Node Biopsy
- MIRP – Minimal Invasive Radio-guided Parathyroid Surgery
- ROLL – Radio-guided Occult Lesion Localisation for CA breast(early breast cancer)
In women who have undergone breast surgery which involved mastectomy or the removal of the breast, breast reconstruction is the best option. Breast reconstruction is to reform or reshape one or both breasts after a mastectomy, or even lumpectomy where the affected portion of the breast is cut away.
The mammogram or an X-ray of the breast is the most effective screening tool for breast cancer. It can detect breast cancer up to two years before the tumor can be felt by you or your doctor. Women aged 40 - 45 or older, or those at average risk of breast cancer should undergo a mammogram annually.
Oncoplastic surgery is a technique that improves cosmetic outcomes in breast cancer patients. Onco plastic surgeons combine breast cancer tumor removal (a lumpectomy or partial mastectomy) and plastic surgery techniques (reconstructive surgery) at the same time of breast conservation surgery.
This involves removing the tumor and some normal tissue around it but not the breast itself. Some lymph nodes under the arm may be removed as well as a part of the chest wall lining if the tumor is near it.
Voice Prosthesis Surgery for CA Larynx A voice prosthesis is the most common way to restore speech after a total laryngectomy surgery to remove your whole voice box. This is usually the result of laryngeal cancer when cancer starts in the voice box (larynx). It is a rare type of head and neck cancer. Tracheo oesophageal puncture (TEP) is the most common…
Musculoskeletal oncology specialists treat bone and soft tissue tumors including other musculoskeletal system issues in adults and children. These include the efficient treatment of bone cancer, bone metastases, osteomyelitis, and multipla myeloma.
In complex head and neck cancers, patients tend to lose parts of their facial features to cancerous growth. Micro vascular reconstruction of the face and neck region is the only solution. This highly advanced surgical technique to rebuild the face and neck uses the blood vessels, bone, tissue, as well as muscle and skin from other parts of the body.…
Proven worldwide, a multidisciplinary approach involving a team of multi-specialists is the standard of care for all cancers. The multidisciplinary Tumour Board at Manipal Hospital provides a forum for cancer specialists to present their cases and discuss the complex nature of the cases with their colleagues across all cancer specialties. This team…
The extremely efficient and effective robotic surgery is known for its efficacy and precision in treating gynaecological cancer cases of all types. This technique is also adopted to perform hysterectomies for uterine fibroids, myomectomies for fibroids, and resections for endometriosis.
For both gastro-intestinal and digestive diseases, minimally invasive robotic surgery has been the benchmark of treatment procedures. Our multidisplinary team of gastro intestinal surgical oncologists and colorectal surgeons are of high calibre in the domain of treatment.
What makes pinpointing the area of the cancer affliction and planning the best mode of treatment for patients possible are the modern scanning and diagnostic tools at our Centre of Excellence in Cancer Care. Offering both outpatient and inpatient services in medical and surgical oncology, hospital visits are made comfortable and relaxing for patients and their families during their delicate time. Our scope of services includes medical, radiation and surgical oncological services that include:
Medical Oncology
Medical oncology mostly involves various types of treatment therapies through medication including chemotherapy, biological therapy, bone marrow aspiration and transplant among others. Radiation oncology is the controlled use of radiation therapy to treat cancer hence it is non-invasive. Leveraging their advanced surgical expertise coupled with the gamut of high-precision medical technology, our surgical oncology team performs the most intricate treatment procedures. Their surgical prowess includes challenging robot-assisted cancer surgeries of the oesophagus, mouth, thyroid, breast, stomach, intestines, uterus, and cervix, as well as breast reconstruction. Patients are at the centre of our care and whether you need to be admitted to our hospital or walk in for a daycare cancer diagnosis or treatment our high-precision diagnostic equipment enables our prolific oncology team to prescribe the best mode of cancer treatment under their care.
Radiation Oncology
Radiation oncology is a medical speciality that involves the controlled use of radiation to treat cancer. For both, those patients who come in for radiation treatment to bust the cancer cells and leave as soon as the treatment is done, as well as those who require brief hospitalisation, Manipal Hospital offers keen outpatient and inpatient services.
The Radiation Oncology department at KMC Hospital stands as the most advanced centre in the entire region, equipped with state-of-the-art technology to deliver high-precision cancer treatments. The centrepiece of the department is the Truebeam Linear Accelerator, which enables sophisticated therapies such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), Arc Therapy (VMAT), Image Guided Radiotherapy (IGRT), Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), and Respiratory Motion Gated treatment techniques.
Additionally, the department boasts 4D CT Scan gated treatments (4DCT), triggered imaging, total body irradiation, and specialized facilities for blood irradiation and extracorporeal radiotherapy.
The Radiation Oncology department is also proud to offer the region's first and only BEBIG HDR brachytherapy facility, using a Cobalt-60 isotope as the source. Brachytherapy is a critical component in the treatment of various cancers, including gynaecological (cervical, vaginal, endometrial), oesophagal, prostate, head and neck, breast, lung, rectal, soft tissue, and skin cancers.
With a comprehensive array of advanced treatment options, the department is dedicated to providing personalized care tailored to each patient's specific needs, ensuring optimal outcomes in the battle against cancer.
Facilities
True beam Radiotherapy Systems:
SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy)
SRS (Stereotactic Radiosurgery)
IGRT (Image-Guided Radiotherapy)
IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy)
VMAT (Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy)
3DCRT (3D Conformal Radiotherapy)
Total Body Irradiation (TBI)
4D CT and Respiratory gating
Triggered Imaging
Blood Component Irradiation
Extra Corporeal Radiation Therapy
Brachytherapy: BEBIG HDR Cobalt-Based Brachytherapy
Intracavitary brachytherapy for gynecological malignancies(ICBT)
Interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT)
Limb-sparing procedures in soft tissue sarcoma
Intravaginal Brachytherapy
Intraluminal brachytherapy (ILRT) for carcinoma oesophagus
Surface mould brachytherapy.
Surgical Oncology
Manipal Hospital’s surgical oncology division offers premium outpatient and inpatient services to cancer patients. Whether you need to be admitted to our hospital for cancer screening or come in for a day procedure like chemotherapy or radiation therapy to combat cancer, our high-precision diagnostic equipment helps our cancer care team to prescribe the best mode of treatment.
What makes pinpointing the area of the cancer affliction and planning the best mode of treatment for patients possible are the modern scanning and diagnostic tools at our Centre of Excellence in Cancer Care. Offering both outpatient and inpatient services in medical and surgical oncology, hospital visits are made comfortable and relaxing for patients and their families during their delicate time. Our scope of services includes medical, radiation and surgical oncological services that include: MEDICAL ONCOLOGY: - Outpatient and inpatient services - Chemotherapy for malignant solid tumours and malignant blood diseases - Biological Therapy for treatment of cancer - Intra Cavitary Chemotherapy - Day care and domiciliary chemotherapy - Bone Marrow Transplant for benign and malignant diseases - Peripherally inserted central catheter insertion, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy - Central line and chemo port use - Palliative care - Child Life Care - Play therapy clinic - Counselling RADIATION ONCOLOGY: - Outpatient and inpatient services - Two Linear accelerator – Elekta Precise and Elekta Infinity along with Gamma med brachytherapy system offering complete range of radiation oncology service - Image Guided Radio Therapy (IGRT) with onboard Cone Beam CT (CBCT) - Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) - Intensity Modulated Radio Therapy (IMRT) - Stereotactic Body Radio Therapy (SBRT) - Stereotactic Radio Surgery (SRS) - Flattening filter-free- faster SRS delivery (FFF) - Electrons for superficial tumors - 3 Dimensional Conformal Radio Therapy (3DCRT) - 2 Dimensional Palliative Radio Therapy - 4 Dimensional big bore CT Simulator for assessing respiratory motion of the tumor with tumor lock (4DCT) - Active Breath Hold controller for reducing tumor motion due to respiration (ABH) - 2 dimensional Varian acuity simulator - Smart arc and dynamic treatment planning - Brachyvision planning for brachytherapy - Interstitial implants – Head and neck, Gynaecological , Soft tissue sarcoma (ISBT) - Intra Cavitary Radio Therapy for cervix, common bile duct tumors, etc (ICR) - Image-guided brachytherapy SURGICAL ONCOLOGY: - Outpatient and inpatient services - Robotic assisted cancer surgery - Radio guided cancer surgery – - SLNB – Sentinal Lymph Node Biopsy - MIRP – Minimal Invasive Radio-guided Parathyroid Surgery - ROLL – Radio-guided Occult Lesion Localisation for CA breast - Early Detection of Breast Cancers - Breast Reconstruction - Breast Conservative Surgery - Vascular access – PORT –A – CATH - Voice Prosthesis Surgery for CA Larynx - Intra Peritoneal (IP) chemotherapy port - HIPEC- Hypertheic Intra Peritonal Chemotherapy - CRS- Major Peritonectomy Cytoreductive Surgery - Microvascular Reconstruction - Breast Oncoplasty Procedures - Musculo Skeletal and Ortho Oncology - Colposcopy clinic - Robotic Surgery for Gynaecological cases – Uterus and Cervix - Robotic GI cancer surgeries - Robotic Oesophageal cancer surgeries - Scarless Robotic Thyroidectomy - Trans Oral Robotic Surgery - Robotic surgery for lung and Mediastinum and Chest Tumours - Multi- disciplinary Tumour Board
Some warning signs are as follows:
A change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that doesn’t heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge from any opening in the body
Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite
Difficulty in swallowing or chronic indigestion
An obvious change in a wart or mole
A nagging cough or persistent hoarseness of voice
If you notice any of the symptoms, arrive at the cancer hospital in Mangalore to get the best treatment.
Cancer is not a single disease, but many different ones. Understanding this, Manipal Hospitals is committed to partnership and patient-centred care, and hence, collaborates and works with every patient to identify the optimal treatment plan and care to given them the best odds to beat cancer. Contact us to know more about cancer care and book an appointment with one of our Oncologists today.