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Have you ever wondered why ovarian cysts seem to appear out of nowhere in young women? Understanding what causes ovarian cysts in young females is intriguing and essential for timely diagnosis and effective management. According to recent statistics, up to 20% of women of reproductive age experience ovarian cysts, and up to 30% of adolescents encounter at least one type during their lifetime. This begs the question: what is cystic ovary and why does it happen so frequently?
In this comprehensive guide, we explore the top five common causes, delve into the medical insights behind what causes ovarian cysts in young females, and answer pressing questions such as how common are ovarian cysts?
Synopsis
Understanding Ovarian Cysts
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac that develops on or within one or both ovaries (a part of the female reproductive system that produces eggs), but symptoms may or may not be present. The majority of these cysts are benign, meaning they are not cancerous, and they frequently disappear on their own. Nonetheless, it's critical to understand the cause of ovarian cysts in young women to determine when treatment may be required.
Top 5 Common Causes of Ovarian Cysts in Young Women
Let’s explore the five most common causes of ovarian cysts in young women, each of which contributes to the broader question of what causes ovarian cysts in young females.
1. Functional Cysts
Functional cysts are the most common types of ovarian cysts. These cysts form as part of the normal menstrual cycle (the process where egg cells grow and are released). They mostly occur during menopause or puberty and include:
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Follicular Cysts: A follicle, which is a tiny sac that contains an egg, can develop a follicular cyst when it fills with fluid instead of releasing the egg
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Corpus Luteum Cysts: Develop when the corpus luteum (the structure that forms after the egg is released and produces hormones) fills with blood
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Theca Lutein Cysts: Often appear after fertility treatments (hormone injections that stimulate egg growth), as high hormone levels cause cyst formation
The majority of functional cysts go away on their own after a few menstrual cycles and do not require treatment.
2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-Related Cysts
PCOS is a hormonal disorder that leads to multiple small cysts on the ovaries. Women with PCOS often experience irregular periods, excessive hair growth, acne, and weight gain due to hormonal imbalances. The exact reason for cyst formation in PCOS is not fully understood, but it is linked to insulin resistance and elevated androgen levels (male hormones). PCOS can be managed by lifestyle changes, regular exercise, a healthy diet, hormonal therapy, and medications.
3. Endometriosis (Chocolate Cysts)
The blood inside these cysts is dark and thick. They form when tissue similar to the uterine lining (the inner layer of the uterus) grows outside the uterus—a condition called endometriosis. They are also known as chocolate cysts, due to their dark brown appearance. These cysts can cause severe pain, heavy periods, and fertility issues. Hormonal therapy, pain management, and occasionally cyst removal surgery are available forms of treatment for endometriosis.
4. Dermoid Cysts
Dermoid cysts, also called teratomas, are unique ovarian cysts that develop from embryonic cells. Unlike functional cysts, dermoid cysts are not linked to the menstrual cycle. They grow slowly and may cause discomfort if they become large or twist the ovary (ovarian torsion). They may contain different tissues including skin, hair, or even teeth, and they are benign (non-cancerous). They could exist from birth. Surgical removal is usually recommended, especially if they cause symptoms.
5. Cystadenomas
Cystadenomas are growths that develop on the outer surface of the ovary. These cysts may get fairly large and contain a mucous or watery fluid. Cystadenomas are mostly benign (non-cancerous), but if they grow, they may cause pressure or pain in the pelvis. Surgical removal is required in certain situations.
When to Seek Medical Advice?
Seek medical advice if you encounter any of the following symptoms:
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Prolonged or severe pelvic pain
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Pain in the abdomen that comes on suddenly and sharply
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Swelling or bloating
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Unexplained changes in your menstrual cycle
At Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, our expert gynaecologists are equipped with advanced diagnostic tools, to precisely diagnose ovarian cysts and choose the best course of action.
Conclusion
Ovarian cysts are a common concern among young women, and while most are harmless, some may require medical attention. Understanding what causes ovarian cysts in young females can help in early detection and proper management. Complications can be avoided by quick medical guidance, symptom awareness, and routine health examinations.
If you experience persistent pelvic pain, irregular periods, or other concerning symptoms, don’t ignore them. Schedule a consultation with our expert team at Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur.
FAQ's
Ovarian cysts are quite common among young women. Studies suggest that up to 20% of women will develop an ovarian cyst at some point in their lives, and around 30% of adolescent girls experience at least one type of ovarian cyst.
Many cysts are asymptomatic. Larger or more persistent cysts, however, could result in:
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Pain in the pelvis
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Lower abdominal pressure or bloating
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Period irregularities
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Dyspareunia (pain when having sex)
The majority of ovarian cysts do not affect fertility, however, those associated with PCOS and endometriosis may make conception more difficult. See a doctor if you are trying to conceive and are worried.
Ovarian cysts usually disappear on their own. But treatment might be required if:
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The cyst is large and spreading
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It is quite painful
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There is a suspicion that it is cancerous (rare)
To schedule an appointment at Manipal Hospitals, contact our gynaecology department or visit our website.
Visit: https://www.manipalhospitals.com/mukundapur/specialities/obstetrics-and-gynaecology/
Contact no: 033 6907 0001
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