English

    Overview

  • Dr. Parijat Deb Choudhury is a well-esteemed interventional cardiologist with over 15 years of experience at Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata. Her impressive educational background includes an MBBS from JIPMER Pondicherry, where she secured the 2nd rank in the pre-medical entrance exam, and a post-graduation in Medicine from King George Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow. She excelled in the Superspeciality Entrance Examination (Gujarat) and completed her DNB Superspeciality in Cardiology at Narayana Hrudayalaya (NH). She also holds an esteemed Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology certification. She is the Best Cardiologist Doctor in Kolkata.

  • Dr. Choudhury offers a wide range of services, including heart consultations and Non-invasive Cardiology. She is an expert in complex procedures such as Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, and Peripheral Angioplasty. Her expertise also extends to performing specialised procedures such as 2D-Echocardiography, Angiograms, Holter Monitoring, and Carotid Angioplasty. She has a special interest in advanced techniques like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Additionally, she has successfully performed over 15,000 Angiographies, 6,000 Angioplasties, 1,500 Permanent Pacemaker (PPM) Implants, and around 25 Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Pacemaker (CRTP) and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Defibrillator (CRT-D) procedures.  

  • Dr. Choudhury’s academic achievements are notable. She was awarded the gold medal in pharmacology and PSM and received multiple awards for poster presentations during her MD. She has also been recognised for her presentations of difficult cases at various national and international cardiology conferences. Her scholarly contributions include two major publications in Haematology and Cardiology, as well as several co-authored publications in various Indian journals. She is actively involved in three ongoing trials focusing on stents, prospective studies, and drug trials.

  • In addition to her clinical and academic prowess, Dr. Choudhury is deeply committed to her patients’ well-being. Known for her ethical practice, she prioritises patient safety and has received highly positive reviews from her patients. She also engages in various philanthropic activities, contributing to the community and advancing public health. Dr. Choudhury’s extensive expertise and dedication make her a leading heart specialist in Kolkata, providing exceptional care to her patients. 

  • Field of Expertise

  • Skilled in performing various complex procedures Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) Procedure, Rotational Atherectomy (Rotablation), Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, Peripheral Angioplasty, managing challenging cases effectively.
  • Expertise in utilising advanced technologies like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) for precise diagnosis and treatment planning in complex cardiovascular conditions.
  • Demonstrates expertise in comprehensive diagnostic services, including 2D-Echocardiography (2D-Echo), Angiograms, and Holter Monitoring, identifying structural abnormalities, and monitoring heart rhythm over extended periods.
  • Specialises in non-surgical methods for evaluating and managing conditions such as left chest pain, angina, and blocked arteries, utilising medication and lifestyle modifications to treat cardiovascular issues.
  • Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
  • Languages Spoken

  • Bengali
  • English
  • Hindi
  • Tamil
  • Awards & Achievements

  • Gold Medal in Pharmacology and Preventive and Social Medicine
  • Talks & Publications

  • Two major publication
  • One in Hematology and one in cardiology
  • Few publications as co-authors in various Indian journals.
  • Three ongoing trials, one in Stent and another prospective trial, another drug trial

    Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
  • Overview

  • Dr. Parijat Deb Choudhury is a well-esteemed interventional cardiologist with over 15 years of experience at Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata. Her impressive educational background includes an MBBS from JIPMER Pondicherry, where she secured the 2nd rank in the pre-medical entrance exam, and a post-graduation in Medicine from King George Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow. She excelled in the Superspeciality Entrance Examination (Gujarat) and completed her DNB Superspeciality in Cardiology at Narayana Hrudayalaya (NH). She also holds an esteemed Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology certification. She is the Best Cardiologist Doctor in Kolkata.

  • Dr. Choudhury offers a wide range of services, including heart consultations and Non-invasive Cardiology. She is an expert in complex procedures such as Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, and Peripheral Angioplasty. Her expertise also extends to performing specialised procedures such as 2D-Echocardiography, Angiograms, Holter Monitoring, and Carotid Angioplasty. She has a special interest in advanced techniques like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Additionally, she has successfully performed over 15,000 Angiographies, 6,000 Angioplasties, 1,500 Permanent Pacemaker (PPM) Implants, and around 25 Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Pacemaker (CRTP) and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Defibrillator (CRT-D) procedures.  

  • Dr. Choudhury’s academic achievements are notable. She was awarded the gold medal in pharmacology and PSM and received multiple awards for poster presentations during her MD. She has also been recognised for her presentations of difficult cases at various national and international cardiology conferences. Her scholarly contributions include two major publications in Haematology and Cardiology, as well as several co-authored publications in various Indian journals. She is actively involved in three ongoing trials focusing on stents, prospective studies, and drug trials.

  • In addition to her clinical and academic prowess, Dr. Choudhury is deeply committed to her patients’ well-being. Known for her ethical practice, she prioritises patient safety and has received highly positive reviews from her patients. She also engages in various philanthropic activities, contributing to the community and advancing public health. Dr. Choudhury’s extensive expertise and dedication make her a leading heart specialist in Kolkata, providing exceptional care to her patients. 

  • Field of Expertise

  • Skilled in performing various complex procedures Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) Procedure, Rotational Atherectomy (Rotablation), Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, Peripheral Angioplasty, managing challenging cases effectively.
  • Expertise in utilising advanced technologies like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) for precise diagnosis and treatment planning in complex cardiovascular conditions.
  • Demonstrates expertise in comprehensive diagnostic services, including 2D-Echocardiography (2D-Echo), Angiograms, and Holter Monitoring, identifying structural abnormalities, and monitoring heart rhythm over extended periods.
  • Specialises in non-surgical methods for evaluating and managing conditions such as left chest pain, angina, and blocked arteries, utilising medication and lifestyle modifications to treat cardiovascular issues.
  • Languages Spoken

  • Bengali
  • English
  • Hindi
  • Tamil
  • Awards & Achievements

  • Gold Medal in Pharmacology and Preventive and Social Medicine
  • Talks & Publications

  • Two major publication
  • One in Hematology and one in cardiology
  • Few publications as co-authors in various Indian journals.
  • Three ongoing trials, one in Stent and another prospective trial, another drug trial

    Languages Spoken

  • Bengali
  • English
  • Hindi
  • Tamil
  • Overview

  • Dr. Parijat Deb Choudhury is a well-esteemed interventional cardiologist with over 15 years of experience at Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata. Her impressive educational background includes an MBBS from JIPMER Pondicherry, where she secured the 2nd rank in the pre-medical entrance exam, and a post-graduation in Medicine from King George Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow. She excelled in the Superspeciality Entrance Examination (Gujarat) and completed her DNB Superspeciality in Cardiology at Narayana Hrudayalaya (NH). She also holds an esteemed Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology certification. She is the Best Cardiologist Doctor in Kolkata.

  • Dr. Choudhury offers a wide range of services, including heart consultations and Non-invasive Cardiology. She is an expert in complex procedures such as Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, and Peripheral Angioplasty. Her expertise also extends to performing specialised procedures such as 2D-Echocardiography, Angiograms, Holter Monitoring, and Carotid Angioplasty. She has a special interest in advanced techniques like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Additionally, she has successfully performed over 15,000 Angiographies, 6,000 Angioplasties, 1,500 Permanent Pacemaker (PPM) Implants, and around 25 Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Pacemaker (CRTP) and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Defibrillator (CRT-D) procedures.  

  • Dr. Choudhury’s academic achievements are notable. She was awarded the gold medal in pharmacology and PSM and received multiple awards for poster presentations during her MD. She has also been recognised for her presentations of difficult cases at various national and international cardiology conferences. Her scholarly contributions include two major publications in Haematology and Cardiology, as well as several co-authored publications in various Indian journals. She is actively involved in three ongoing trials focusing on stents, prospective studies, and drug trials.

  • In addition to her clinical and academic prowess, Dr. Choudhury is deeply committed to her patients’ well-being. Known for her ethical practice, she prioritises patient safety and has received highly positive reviews from her patients. She also engages in various philanthropic activities, contributing to the community and advancing public health. Dr. Choudhury’s extensive expertise and dedication make her a leading heart specialist in Kolkata, providing exceptional care to her patients. 

  • Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
  • Field of Expertise

  • Skilled in performing various complex procedures Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) Procedure, Rotational Atherectomy (Rotablation), Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, Peripheral Angioplasty, managing challenging cases effectively.
  • Expertise in utilising advanced technologies like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) for precise diagnosis and treatment planning in complex cardiovascular conditions.
  • Demonstrates expertise in comprehensive diagnostic services, including 2D-Echocardiography (2D-Echo), Angiograms, and Holter Monitoring, identifying structural abnormalities, and monitoring heart rhythm over extended periods.
  • Specialises in non-surgical methods for evaluating and managing conditions such as left chest pain, angina, and blocked arteries, utilising medication and lifestyle modifications to treat cardiovascular issues.
  • Awards & Achievements

  • Gold Medal in Pharmacology and Preventive and Social Medicine
  • Talks & Publications

  • Two major publication
  • One in Hematology and one in cardiology
  • Few publications as co-authors in various Indian journals.
  • Three ongoing trials, one in Stent and another prospective trial, another drug trial

    Field of Expertise

  • Skilled in performing various complex procedures Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) Procedure, Rotational Atherectomy (Rotablation), Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, Peripheral Angioplasty, managing challenging cases effectively.
  • Expertise in utilising advanced technologies like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) for precise diagnosis and treatment planning in complex cardiovascular conditions.
  • Demonstrates expertise in comprehensive diagnostic services, including 2D-Echocardiography (2D-Echo), Angiograms, and Holter Monitoring, identifying structural abnormalities, and monitoring heart rhythm over extended periods.
  • Specialises in non-surgical methods for evaluating and managing conditions such as left chest pain, angina, and blocked arteries, utilising medication and lifestyle modifications to treat cardiovascular issues.
  • Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
  • Languages Spoken

  • Bengali
  • English
  • Hindi
  • Tamil
  • Awards & Achievements

  • Gold Medal in Pharmacology and Preventive and Social Medicine
  • Talks & Publications

  • Two major publication
  • One in Hematology and one in cardiology
  • Few publications as co-authors in various Indian journals.
  • Three ongoing trials, one in Stent and another prospective trial, another drug trial
  • Overview

  • Dr. Parijat Deb Choudhury is a well-esteemed interventional cardiologist with over 15 years of experience at Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata. Her impressive educational background includes an MBBS from JIPMER Pondicherry, where she secured the 2nd rank in the pre-medical entrance exam, and a post-graduation in Medicine from King George Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow. She excelled in the Superspeciality Entrance Examination (Gujarat) and completed her DNB Superspeciality in Cardiology at Narayana Hrudayalaya (NH). She also holds an esteemed Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology certification. She is the Best Cardiologist Doctor in Kolkata.

  • Dr. Choudhury offers a wide range of services, including heart consultations and Non-invasive Cardiology. She is an expert in complex procedures such as Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, and Peripheral Angioplasty. Her expertise also extends to performing specialised procedures such as 2D-Echocardiography, Angiograms, Holter Monitoring, and Carotid Angioplasty. She has a special interest in advanced techniques like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Additionally, she has successfully performed over 15,000 Angiographies, 6,000 Angioplasties, 1,500 Permanent Pacemaker (PPM) Implants, and around 25 Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Pacemaker (CRTP) and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Defibrillator (CRT-D) procedures.  

  • Dr. Choudhury’s academic achievements are notable. She was awarded the gold medal in pharmacology and PSM and received multiple awards for poster presentations during her MD. She has also been recognised for her presentations of difficult cases at various national and international cardiology conferences. Her scholarly contributions include two major publications in Haematology and Cardiology, as well as several co-authored publications in various Indian journals. She is actively involved in three ongoing trials focusing on stents, prospective studies, and drug trials.

  • In addition to her clinical and academic prowess, Dr. Choudhury is deeply committed to her patients’ well-being. Known for her ethical practice, she prioritises patient safety and has received highly positive reviews from her patients. She also engages in various philanthropic activities, contributing to the community and advancing public health. Dr. Choudhury’s extensive expertise and dedication make her a leading heart specialist in Kolkata, providing exceptional care to her patients. 

    Awards & Achievements

  • Gold Medal in Pharmacology and Preventive and Social Medicine
  • Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
  • Field of Expertise

  • Skilled in performing various complex procedures Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) Procedure, Rotational Atherectomy (Rotablation), Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, Peripheral Angioplasty, managing challenging cases effectively.
  • Expertise in utilising advanced technologies like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) for precise diagnosis and treatment planning in complex cardiovascular conditions.
  • Demonstrates expertise in comprehensive diagnostic services, including 2D-Echocardiography (2D-Echo), Angiograms, and Holter Monitoring, identifying structural abnormalities, and monitoring heart rhythm over extended periods.
  • Specialises in non-surgical methods for evaluating and managing conditions such as left chest pain, angina, and blocked arteries, utilising medication and lifestyle modifications to treat cardiovascular issues.
  • Languages Spoken

  • Bengali
  • English
  • Hindi
  • Tamil
  • Talks & Publications

  • Two major publication
  • One in Hematology and one in cardiology
  • Few publications as co-authors in various Indian journals.
  • Three ongoing trials, one in Stent and another prospective trial, another drug trial
  • Overview

  • Dr. Parijat Deb Choudhury is a well-esteemed interventional cardiologist with over 15 years of experience at Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata. Her impressive educational background includes an MBBS from JIPMER Pondicherry, where she secured the 2nd rank in the pre-medical entrance exam, and a post-graduation in Medicine from King George Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow. She excelled in the Superspeciality Entrance Examination (Gujarat) and completed her DNB Superspeciality in Cardiology at Narayana Hrudayalaya (NH). She also holds an esteemed Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology certification. She is the Best Cardiologist Doctor in Kolkata.

  • Dr. Choudhury offers a wide range of services, including heart consultations and Non-invasive Cardiology. She is an expert in complex procedures such as Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, and Peripheral Angioplasty. Her expertise also extends to performing specialised procedures such as 2D-Echocardiography, Angiograms, Holter Monitoring, and Carotid Angioplasty. She has a special interest in advanced techniques like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Additionally, she has successfully performed over 15,000 Angiographies, 6,000 Angioplasties, 1,500 Permanent Pacemaker (PPM) Implants, and around 25 Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Pacemaker (CRTP) and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Defibrillator (CRT-D) procedures.  

  • Dr. Choudhury’s academic achievements are notable. She was awarded the gold medal in pharmacology and PSM and received multiple awards for poster presentations during her MD. She has also been recognised for her presentations of difficult cases at various national and international cardiology conferences. Her scholarly contributions include two major publications in Haematology and Cardiology, as well as several co-authored publications in various Indian journals. She is actively involved in three ongoing trials focusing on stents, prospective studies, and drug trials.

  • In addition to her clinical and academic prowess, Dr. Choudhury is deeply committed to her patients’ well-being. Known for her ethical practice, she prioritises patient safety and has received highly positive reviews from her patients. She also engages in various philanthropic activities, contributing to the community and advancing public health. Dr. Choudhury’s extensive expertise and dedication make her a leading heart specialist in Kolkata, providing exceptional care to her patients. 

    Talks & Publications

  • Two major publication
  • One in Hematology and one in cardiology
  • Few publications as co-authors in various Indian journals.
  • Three ongoing trials, one in Stent and another prospective trial, another drug trial
  • Overview

  • Dr. Parijat Deb Choudhury is a well-esteemed interventional cardiologist with over 15 years of experience at Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata. Her impressive educational background includes an MBBS from JIPMER Pondicherry, where she secured the 2nd rank in the pre-medical entrance exam, and a post-graduation in Medicine from King George Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow. She excelled in the Superspeciality Entrance Examination (Gujarat) and completed her DNB Superspeciality in Cardiology at Narayana Hrudayalaya (NH). She also holds an esteemed Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology certification. She is the Best Cardiologist Doctor in Kolkata.

  • Dr. Choudhury offers a wide range of services, including heart consultations and Non-invasive Cardiology. She is an expert in complex procedures such as Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, and Peripheral Angioplasty. Her expertise also extends to performing specialised procedures such as 2D-Echocardiography, Angiograms, Holter Monitoring, and Carotid Angioplasty. She has a special interest in advanced techniques like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Additionally, she has successfully performed over 15,000 Angiographies, 6,000 Angioplasties, 1,500 Permanent Pacemaker (PPM) Implants, and around 25 Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Pacemaker (CRTP) and Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Defibrillator (CRT-D) procedures.  

  • Dr. Choudhury’s academic achievements are notable. She was awarded the gold medal in pharmacology and PSM and received multiple awards for poster presentations during her MD. She has also been recognised for her presentations of difficult cases at various national and international cardiology conferences. Her scholarly contributions include two major publications in Haematology and Cardiology, as well as several co-authored publications in various Indian journals. She is actively involved in three ongoing trials focusing on stents, prospective studies, and drug trials.

  • In addition to her clinical and academic prowess, Dr. Choudhury is deeply committed to her patients’ well-being. Known for her ethical practice, she prioritises patient safety and has received highly positive reviews from her patients. She also engages in various philanthropic activities, contributing to the community and advancing public health. Dr. Choudhury’s extensive expertise and dedication make her a leading heart specialist in Kolkata, providing exceptional care to her patients. 

  • Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellow of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
  • Field of Expertise

  • Skilled in performing various complex procedures Left Main Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA), Bifurcation Stenting, Calcified Lesion PTCA, Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO) Stenting, Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) Procedure, Rotational Atherectomy (Rotablation), Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) Graft Angioplasty, Renal Angioplasty, Peripheral Angioplasty, managing challenging cases effectively.
  • Expertise in utilising advanced technologies like Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) for precise diagnosis and treatment planning in complex cardiovascular conditions.
  • Demonstrates expertise in comprehensive diagnostic services, including 2D-Echocardiography (2D-Echo), Angiograms, and Holter Monitoring, identifying structural abnormalities, and monitoring heart rhythm over extended periods.
  • Specialises in non-surgical methods for evaluating and managing conditions such as left chest pain, angina, and blocked arteries, utilising medication and lifestyle modifications to treat cardiovascular issues.
  • Languages Spoken

  • Bengali
  • English
  • Hindi
  • Tamil
  • Awards & Achievements

  • Gold Medal in Pharmacology and Preventive and Social Medicine

Blogs

FAQ's

Patients often seek Dr. Parijat Deb Choudhury’s expertise as the Consultant - Interventional Cardiologist at Manipal Hospitals Mukundapur. Find the best Cardiologist Doctor in Kolkata. Dr Parijat Deb Choudhury is an Interventional Cardiologist with more than 15 years of experience. He has done more than 10000 Angiography and nearly 5000 angioplasties.