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Bone Marrow Transplant for Benign and Malignant Diseases

Bone Marrow Transplant for Benign and Malignant Diseases

Bone Marrow Transplant for benign and malignant diseases in Mukundapur

 

Stem Cell Transplants from bone marrow can be used by medical professionals to treat autoimmune illnesses, some types of cancer, and blood abnormalities. Healthy stem cells are substituted for the diseased ones during the transplantation. Your healthcare professional may use bone marrow stem cells, donated blood, or your healthy stem cells if you need a transplant.

A BMT Transplant may provide you with a fresh lease on life if you've been battling cancer or a benign blood condition. In cases where previous therapies have failed, it may represent hope for a cure or remission. 

However, there are serious hazards and difficult physical requirements associated with Stem Cell Transplantation. Not every patient with blood problems or cancer qualifies for the treatment. It is important to discuss the possible dangers and advantages of Bone Marrow Transplantation with your healthcare professional. 

At Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, Our specialists in the Cancer Care Department ensure comprehensive support and guidance, helping you navigate each stage of your treatment journey with expertise and compassion. 

 

FAQ's

The soft, spongy material inside bones is called bone marrow. The majority of the body's blood cells grow from its stem cells and are stored there.

Stem cells are blood cells that give rise to other blood cells. Pluripotent stem cells are the most basic type of stem cell. This blood cell is distinct from others due to the following qualities:

  • Renewal: It can create another cell that is exactly like it.

  • Distinction: It can produce one or more subgroups of fully developed cells.

Patients with specific malignancies or other benign haematological illnesses may benefit from a Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT). Recipients of a Bone Marrow Transplant get stem cells from a donor. The purpose of Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) is to replace the patient's damaged bone marrow with healthy cells after the patient's bone marrow has been treated to eradicate diseased cells.
 

Bone Marrow Transplantation aims to treat many diseases, including cancer. The procedure may be required if the doses of Radiation or Chemotherapy required to treat a malignancy are so high that the patient's bone marrow stem cells may be irreversibly harmed or destroyed by the treatment. In addition, Bone Marrow Transplants could be required if any medical condition has damaged the bone marrow.

Using a Bone Marrow Transplant, one can:

  • Replace unhealthy, non-functioning bone marrow with healthy, functional bone marrow.

  • Create a new immune system that is capable of combating malignancies that have not been eradicated by Chemotherapy or Radiation.

  • When a cancer is treated with strong doses of Chemotherapy and/or Radiation, the bone marrow must be replaced and its normal function restored. This is known as rescue.

  • Replace bone marrow with functional, genetically sound bone marrow to stop further damage from a genetic disease process (adrenoleukodystrophy, Hurler's syndrome, etc.).

The conditions that benefit from Bone Marrow Transplantation most frequently include the following ones:

  • Leukaemias

  • Aplastic anaemia

  • Lymphomas

  • Multiple myeloma

  • Sickle cell anaemia

  • Thalassaemia

  • Immune deficiency

  • Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  • Certain malignancies of solid tumours (in rare cases)

To determine whether you are a candidate for a Bone Marrow Transplant, your doctor will do the following tests to make sure you are physically capable of handling the transplantation procedures:

  • Echocardiogram (ECHO)

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)

  • Complete blood count (CBC)

  • Blood tests

  • Biopsy

  • Computed tomography (CT) scan

Depending on the identity of the donor, there are three types of Bone Marrow Transplants. Among the types of BMT are the following:

  • Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation: The patient is the donor. After receiving intense therapy, the patient receives frozen stem cells, either by bone marrow harvesting or apheresis (a procedure that collects peripheral blood stem cells). The word "rescue" is frequently used in place of "transplant."

  • Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: The patient and the donor have the same genetic makeup. The two methods used to get stem cells from a genetically matched donor—typically a brother or sister—are bone marrow harvesting and apheresis.

  • Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation: As soon as the baby is delivered, stem cells are extracted from the umbilical cord. Compared to stem cells extracted from the bone marrow of another child or adult, these stem cells proliferate into mature, functional blood cells more quickly and efficiently. 

The procedure of obtaining stem cells, whether they are your own or donated, may resemble getting medicine or a blood transfusion through an intravenous catheter (IV) tube. To help avoid adverse effects or lessen the possibility that your body may reject the new stem cells, your doctor may first give you fluids and medicines. After that, stem cells will be infused. It might take many hours to complete. Your healthcare professional will regularly monitor you for fever, chills, and other possible side effects while you're getting fresh stem cells.
 

Bone Marrow Transplantation is a technique associated with risk and can result in many problems, such as:

  • Cataracts

  • Death 

  • Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), particularly in patients getting Allogenic Bone Marrow Transplants

  • Infections

  • Unable to conceive

  • Organ damage

  • Cancer recurrence

  • Failure of stem cells

As you age and your health deteriorates, your chance of complications rises.

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