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Adult Congenital Heart Disease Interventions

Adult congenital heart disease interventions including atrial septal defect closure ventricular septal defect closure PDA device closures pulmonary AVM closures

Adult Congenital Heart Disease Interventions in Mukundapur

Adult congenital heart diseases involve birth defects that require specialised care in adult patients. Ranging from mild to complex, congenital heart diseases need lifelong medical care, even if appropriate interventions or treatment are done during one’s childhood. Procedures that were performed at an early age may deteriorate over time, making adults prone to the risk of acquired cardiovascular diseases. Adult congenital heart diseases can occur in any structure of the heart, including the heart chambers of both, the left and right atria and ventricles, blood vessels, and heart valves. 


Specialists in the Department of Cardiology at Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, Kolkata, employ state-of-the-art technologies for Cardiology treatments to address several types of adult congenital heart diseases by performing a variety of procedures based on patient conditions, including Atrial Septal Defect Closure, Ventricular Septal Defect Closure, Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) Device Closure, and Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) Closures. This enables our specialists, backed by dedicated nursing and technical staff, to provide comprehensive care tailored to each patient’s individual needs, ensuring optimal outcomes and well-being. 
 

FAQ's

Symptoms may vary based on factors such as the age of the patient, the number and severity of heart defects, and the type of disease. Sometimes symptoms or diseases treated during their childhood may manifest later when they enter adulthood, or they may not exhibit any symptoms at all. However, symptoms involved in adult congenital heart disease include:

  • Irregular heartbeats or arrhythmia

  • Fatigue 

  • Dizziness

  • Heart murmurs and palpitations

  • Shortness of breath

  • Swelling of body tissues, or oedema

  • Changes in skin colour to blue or grey, particularly seen in lips and fingernails due to low levels of oxygen (cyanosis)

 

Specialists usually employ diagnostic tests to confirm adult congenital heart diseases by looking out for signs like continuous heart murmurs; cyanosis; and 
clubbing, characterised by a change in the shape of fingers or nails; or right bundle branch block (RBBB), determined by the obstruction or delay of electrical impulses that travel to the right ventricle, causing abnormal heart rhythms. The signs may exhibit either one or a combination, with particular emphasis on heart murmurs. Based on signs and symptoms, specialists employ various diagnostic tests, some of which include:

  • Echocardiography (ECG) or Electrocardiogram (EKG)

  • Chest X-ray

  • Heart magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT)

  • Exercise stress test

  • Transoesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

  • Pulse oximetry

Delayed treatment of adult congenital heart disease may manifest complications, some of which include:

  • Irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias)

  • Pressure buildup in the lung arteries, leading to pulmonary hypertension

  • Infections at the lining of the heart and heart valves (endocarditis)

  • Stroke

  • Heart failure

Possible risk factors associated with adult congenital heart diseases include:

  • Obesity

  • Physical inactivity

  • Hypertension

  • Diabetes

  • Dyslipidaemia, characterised by increased levels of LDL or ‘bad’ cholesterol

  • Smoking and alcohol

  • Genetic factors, such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, or Noonan syndrome

  • Infections, such as rubella or influenza, especially during the first three months of pregnancy

  • Certain medicines, especially in pregnant patients, lead to congenital heart defects in babies. Medicines such as lithium (lithobod) for bipolar disorders or isotretinoin for acne should be taken with the help of a doctor’s advice. 

 

Based on your symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic scans, specialists will discuss treatment, the expectations of the procedure, its associated risks, and post-recovery instructions. 

During the procedure, depending on the intervention performed, disease, and patient factors, anaesthesia or sedatives are administered to numb the region. Most closure interventions are minimally invasive, which involves the insertion of a catheter either in the groin, arm, or shoulder, which is then guided to the heart to address defects in septal walls, ductus arteriosus in paediatric patients, and pulmonary blood vessels. 

Other treatments include Implantable heart devices, such as Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), Open-heart Surgeries, and Heart Transplantation, which is usually performed as a last resort. 


 

General follow-up care instructions you can follow after undergoing treatments for adult congenital heart diseases include:

  • Maintaining an active lifestyle and having a balanced diet

  • Refraining from smoking, chewing tobacco, and consuming alcohol or recreational drugs

  • Adhering to medications prescribed by specialists

  • Attending regular follow-up checks and appointments to monitor your progress and diagnose any deteriorations post-procedure

  • Maintaining optimum sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels

  • Taking good care of oral health 

  • Informing our specialist if considering pregnancy

Certain guidelines you can help or advocate for yourself if living with adult congenital heart disease include:

  • Remembering your medical history, including surgeries you have undergone

  • Learning possible risks or complications you may face as an adult

  • Sharing your concerns, worries, or questions with our specialists

  • Keeping a record of medications prescribed by your doctors throughout your consultations

  • Educating yourself on signs and symptoms that will help in timely recognition and medical attention

  • Letting our specialists be aware of all your medical history, including medications, vaccinations, procedures, and diagnostic tests

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