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Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) insertion is a safe and reliable form of contraception for women which is over 99% effective in preventing unplanned pregnancies. A tiny, T-shaped device is inserted into the uterus through the cervix. To verify suitability and address any issues, a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's medical history, menstrual history, and reproductive health is done before insertion. IUCDs function by changing the uterine lining to prevent implantation and stop sperm from fertilising the egg.
For young women, they are a handy option because they are reversible, long-acting contraceptives that don't need to be monitored every day once placed. Although usually well tolerated, potential adverse effects such as cramps, irregular bleeding, or device expulsion should be watched for after placement.
Women wanting IUCD insertion are counselled about contraception alternatives, possible risks, and advantages in order to make an informed decision. All things considered, IUCD insertion offers a significant contraceptive option that takes specific patient requirements and reproductive health objectives into account.
At Manipal Hospitals, Mukundapur, our team of professionals is skilled in providing the best contraceptive treatment approach to its patients and also prioritises patient’s comfort and safety. We provide full support, right from consultation to the IUCD insertion procedure and follow-up to its replacement, if needed.
IUDs come in 2 types: copper and hormonal. Both have plastic frames that open into a T-shape inside the uterus. They have strings that extend into the vagina for easy removal.
Copper IUDs: Paragard's IUD has a thin copper wire that coils around the stem of the "T" shape. The stem ends in a smooth ball that prevents your cervix from being punctured during insertion by your healthcare provider.
Hormonal (levonorgestrel) IUDs: The top part of the T-shaped IUD contains the progestin hormone levonorgestrel, which is released through the stem. Progestins are a synthetic version of progesterone, a naturally occurring hormone in your body.
Both types of IUDs contain elements that make them visible during imaging procedures. During wellness visits, your healthcare provider can check your intrauterine device (IUD) to make sure it is positioned correctly.
Typically, the process takes ten minutes or less. During a vaginal examination, your healthcare provider will evaluate the size and position of your womb. A speculum—the same tool used for a smear test—will then be inserted into your vagina. During the procedure, your medical practitioner will insert the IUD into your uterus. The IUD removal threads will be severed, leaving roughly 3 cm of string buried deep within your vagina.
Hormonal IUDs and copper IUDs both work by altering sperm motility, which makes it more difficult for them to attach themselves to an egg. Copper ions are present in copper IUDs, such as Paragard and Deter Sperm, while hormonal IUDs, like those found in Liletta, Skyla, Kyleena, Mirena, and other brands, thicken cervical mucus, which hinders sperm motility and occasionally prevents ovulation. IUDs offer reversible, long-term contraception that lasts for several years. Medical professionals remove birth control devices to allow for a quick return to fertility. This method is effective, requires little maintenance, and fertility returns soon after removal.
The extent of bleeding resulting from hormonal intrauterine devices fluctuates markedly, contingent upon the specific kind of IUD employed. Lower-dose IUDs tend to result in lighter monthly bleeding, while standard-dose IUDs are more likely to cause menstruation to stop entirely.
Women who use copper IUDs typically get their period every month. Occasionally, the menstrual cycle may be heavier, longer, or more cramped than usual, especially in the first few months of use. These symptoms usually improve over time.
Your doctor will check your IUD during your regular visits. Your cervix usually holds the IUD in place. But sometimes, it can fall out partially or completely. You are more likely to experience an IUD expulsion if:
You do not have children
You are under 20 years old
You had the IUD inserted immediately after giving birth or having a second-trimester abortion
You have fibroids in your uterus
Your uterus is a different size or shape than usual
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are more likely to become dislodged during your period. You may see the device on your menstrual pad or tampon. Check periodically to ensure you can still feel the strings. If they feel shorter or longer than usual, or if you can feel the IUD itself pushing against your cervix, it may have moved out of place. If this occurs, reach out to your doctor right away.
Though it serves as an efficient contraceptive, it carries certain disadvantages. Some possible side effects of using an IUD are:
Profuse and prolonged menstrual bleeding, accompanied by severe cramping, particularly during the initial months of usage.
Unpredictable and irregular episodes of bleeding or spotting that occur between menstrual periods.
Persistent pelvic pain or discomfort, especially during the insertion procedure.
Unforeseen expulsion of the IUD from its intended placement within the uterus.
Potential perforation of the uterus during the insertion process, although this complication is relatively uncommon.
Increased susceptibility to infection, particularly within the first few weeks following insertion.
Rarely, individuals may experience adverse allergic reactions to the materials used in the device's construction.
No. IUDs do not prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To prevent STDs, couples who are having sex should always use condoms in addition to IUDs. Before inserting an intrauterine device (IUD), a physician or nurse practitioner will ensure that the woman is free of sexually transmitted infections. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can result from implanting an IUD while a woman is sexually active. The only thing that consistently keeps STDs and pregnancy at bay is abstinence, or not having sex.
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