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Surgical treatment of Inflammatory bowel diseases IBD Crohns Ulcerative Colitis in Mukundapur

Surgical Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases IBD Crohns Ulcerative Colitis

Surgical treatment of Inflammatory bowel diseases IBD Crohns Ulcerative Colitis in Mukundapur

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to two disorders, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, that are distinguished by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The gastrointestinal tract becomes damaged by prolonged inflammation. Although the specific aetiology of IBD is uncertain, it is thought to be caused by reduced immunity. Possible causes include: The immune system reacts improperly to environmental triggers, such as viruses or bacteria, resulting in inflammation of the digestive tract. There also seems to be a genetic component. A person with a family history of IBD is more likely to have this abnormal immune response. The primary goals of IBD treatment are to remove all diseased colon and rectum, eliminate cancer risk, and restore normal bowel function. Total Proctocolectomy with End Ileostomy is still the operating norm. This operation eliminates all potential complications associated with IBD and eliminates the danger of colorectal cancer. It also eliminates bowel function concerns such as defecatory frequency, urgency, and night waking and is typically linked with a few dietary limitations.

FAQ's

The typical surgical approach for ulcerative colitis is a Proctocolectomy. This procedure removes both your colon and your rectum (together known as the large intestine). There are two kinds of Proctocolectomy operations for treating ulcerative colitis. 

  • Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis involves removing the colon and rectum and creating an internal pouch, which eliminates the need for a permanent external Ostomy. 

  • Proctocolectomy with end ileostomy involves removing the colon, rectum, and anus and creating an external Ostomy (surgery to create an opening). It can be intimidating to be referred for one of these operations. At Manipal Hospitals, we can help you comprehend each surgery and prepare for life following a Proctocolectomy.

Surgery can often treat long-term ulcerative colitis (UC), but it is not for everyone. If your UC is severe and conventional therapies, like medications and dietary adjustments, do not provide adequate relief, your doctor may recommend surgery.

This operation can be completed in one, two, or three phases. 

  • A temporary Ileostomy is often used to give your newly formed pouch time to recover. During this time, you will have to wear an external ostomy pouch. 

  • A three-stage operation may be indicated for individuals who are in poor physical health, use high doses of steroids, or need emergency surgery to correct bleeding or toxic megacolon. 

  • You may initially experience up to 12 bowel motions per day. Your faeces may be mushy or watery, and you may have a sense of urgency or experience stool leaks.

  • Your pouch will gradually grow in size as your anal sphincter muscles tighten, resulting in thicker, less frequent faeces. Several months following surgery, most people have reduced their bowel motions to six or eight per day. 

  • Your stool's consistency will vary, but it will mainly be mushy and putty-like.

Probably. IBD is a chronic disease; thus, most patients require maintenance medication to alleviate symptoms and minimise the frequency and severity of flares. Most maintenance medications work slowly, so if you have an acute flare, you may need to take extra medication temporarily.

Steroids like prednisone and cyclosporine can be used as rescue medications. Patients frequently switch from emergency medicines to long-term maintenance medications. Because of their potential negative effects, they are not always used for an extended period.

  • A colonoscopy is performed to make the first diagnosis of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. 

  • A colonoscopy can also evaluate the symptoms of an IBD flare-up and the response to treatment. 

  • A third major application for a colonoscopy is to screen for early colon cancer or aberrant cells that may develop into cancer cells.

Surgery can be really useful for patients with ulcerative colitis; removing 97% of the colon significantly alleviates symptoms. Surgery is not easy, but it can often significantly improve the quality of life for someone with severe colitis. There are various options for reconnecting the intestine after the colon has been removed, each with advantages and disadvantages.

Surgery for Crohn's disease can frequently have the effect of pressing a large reset button, as it can remove damaged tissue and structures, fistulas, and abscesses that produce a variety of symptoms that medications do not treat.

Maintenance medications for Crohn's disease are frequently more effective after surgery and can help prevent further complications that may necessitate additional surgery.

Most Crohn's disease patients report frequent bowel motions as well as cramping and abdominal pain. These symptoms differ from person to person and can alter over time. Together, these factors may cause a lack of appetite and result in weight loss. These symptoms, together with anaemia, can contribute to weariness.

In most individuals, Elective Colectomy can cure ulcerative colitis. Almost always, the treatment is a Total Colectomy, which removes the whole colon.

Biologic medications are administered in the hospital as an infusion via a drip in your arm every 4 to 12 weeks or as an injection every 1 to 4 weeks. Your treatment team will then assess your response to treatment. If your symptoms have been under control (in remission) for a year or more, they may recommend that treatment be discontinued.

Unpredictable flare-ups and periodic visits with your care team might disrupt school, work, and social activities for patients with IBD. However, if symptoms are adequately controlled, you can live a regular life despite the disease.

Crohn's disease operations, like any other type of surgery, have advantages and disadvantages. Complications may include:

  • Infections cause bleeding or scarring that bends or narrows the gut.

  • Bowel obstruction, which prevents waste from flowing through the intestine.

  • A vitamin B12 deficiency develops when your surgeon removes a portion of your gut that absorbs the vitamin. 

  • Stoma issues, such as when an opening changes, make it difficult to attach the ostomy bag.

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