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It is common for young children to experience bed-wetting until they reach 5 to 6 years old. However, if this persists longer, it may be a cause for concern. This could indicate some urinary tract disorders, which need to be well monitored and treated accordingly. This can be well managed and diagnosed in a Childhood Incontinence Clinic.
Childhood Incontinence Clinic, Manipal Hospital offers targeted treatment for children with problems with their bladder or bowel control. These clinics are dedicated to conducting comprehensive evaluations and modifying patient habits to diagnose and address issues with urinary and bowel incontinence. They provide families with information and support, teaching them how to manage symptoms and encourage continence.
These clinics, which often include paediatric urologists, nurses, and therapists, emphasise behavioural techniques such as timed voiding and hydration management to enhance control. Frequent monitoring makes it easier to obtain results and modify plans as necessary. In general, the goal of Paediatric Incontinence Clinics is to improve children's quality of life by treating these common yet frequently upsetting disorders.
Enuresis is of four types, and a child can have one or more of these types:
Nocturnal Enuresis: This is the most common type of enuresis. This wetting occurs during the night and is called bedwetting.
Diurnal Enuresis: This is called daytime wetting, and wetting occurs during the day. This may be the result of certain behaviours.
Primary Enuresis: This usually occurs when the child has not fully mastered the technique of toilet training.
Secondary Enuresis: This condition occurs when, after a period of dryness, the child returns to wetting again.
There can be many possible causes of urinary incontinence in children. However, the exact cause of bedwetting is not known. Here are some of the possible causes of enuresis, including:
Small bladder
Hormone imbalance (not producing enough ADH, an anti-diuretic hormone)
Diabetes
Urinary tract infection
Sleep apnea
Ongoing constipation that puts pressure on the bladder
Certain genes
Anxiety
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Structural problems in the urinary tract
Not feeling that the bladder is full while asleep
Very deep sleep
Caffeine intake
Not going to the bathroom often or not urinating enough when going
Most children outgrow this condition with age, but it may remain a problem for some children after the age of 7 years, requiring help from a specialised doctor. If your child experiences any of these signs, seek medical attention.
These signs include:
Your child still has wet pants or bed after the age of 7
Starts wetting after a few months of being dry during the day or night
In addition to wetting, if the child experiences:
Pain after passing urine
Feels extra thirsty
Has hard stools
Snores
Has red or pink urine
The diagnosis of child urinary incontinence helps in knowing the underlying cause and condition of your child’s situation so that the right treatment plan can be made. This includes:
Physical exam
Discussing the symptoms, family history, frequency of child urinating, fluid intake, problems faced, bowel and bladder habits, stress, etc.
Urine or blood tests are used to assess the signs of an infection or diabetes.
Imaging tests or X-rays of the bladder or kidneys to assess the structural issues of the urinary tract
Any other types of tests, if needed
Though most cases of enuresis go away over time, sometimes treatment becomes necessary. The doctor will decide what will work best for your child after a discussion with you. It will also depend on the underlying cause if diagnosed.
The treatment options for your child's urinary incontinence include:
Lifestyle modifications like changes in fluid intake, reducing the intake of caffeine, etc.
Moisture alarms: These are battery-operated devices that use a sensor to detect wetness and raise an alarm when your child begins to pass urine, making him get up and use the bathroom. If the child is a deep sleeper, you can listen to the alarm and wake up the child. It is a better long-term solution, but it will take time to show results.
Bladder training: Exercises as advised by the doctor can be used to train the bladder, and urinating on a schedule helps too.
Medications: The doctor may prescribe certain medications if necessary and if other methods fail. Medications can be given for boosting ADH levels, calming the bladder muscle, etc.
Counselling and education: A counsellor can help your child cope with these changes or other stress.
With certain lifestyle changes, this condition can be managed. These include:
Avoid drinking or eating foods with caffeine, especially in the evening or night.
Limit the intake of fluids in the evening and encourage drinking more liquids in the morning or early afternoon.
Urge the child to pass urine after every 2-3 hours or so.
Urge double voiding before bed.
Looking at your child’s symptoms and issues, your paediatrician may refer you to a paediatric urologist or paediatric nephrologist. Prepare yourself and your child for your first consultation at the Child Incontinence Clinic to get the most out of your visit. The preparation includes:
Note down any key personal information, like any major stress, recent life changes or any event.
Check the family history of siblings and parents.
Make a list of all the medicines, herbs, supplements or vitamins that your child is taking and their doses.
Note down any symptoms you see in your child related to or not related to wetting. Child’s bathroom visit and fluid intake, etc.
Questions you want to ask but may forget during that time, such as what is causing wetting? What treatments are available? How can you help your child? etc.
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