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Kidney Stone Treatment in Kolkata

Comprehensive Stone Disease

Kidney Stone Treatment in Kolkata

The term "comprehensive stone disease" describes a range of disorders linked to the development and existence of calculi, or stones, in the urinary system. These stones, often referred to as kidney stones, are usually made of minerals and salts and can develop in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra. The most common kinds of stones include struvite, cystine, calcium oxalate, uric acid, and calcium phosphate.

Dehydration, nutritional variables, genetic predisposition, and certain medical diseases like hyperparathyroidism or recurrent urinary tract infections are risk factors for the production of stones. Haematuria (blood in the urine), nausea, vomiting, and moderate to severe pain are all possible signs of stone illness.

Urine analysis and imaging methods like CT, ultrasound, or X-rays are commonly used to make diagnoses. The options for kidney stone treatment in Kolkata might include increased fluid intake, dietary changes, medicines, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL), Ureteroscopy, or surgical procedures such as Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, depending on the size, nature, and location of the stones. To lessen the likelihood of stone formation occurring again, preventative approaches emphasise altering one's lifestyle and treating underlying medical issues.
 

FAQ's

Kidney stones often come in the following types:

  • The most prevalent kind of stones are calcium oxalate stones, which are created when calcium and phosphate or oxalate mix.

  • High concentrations of uric acid in the urine can cause uric acid stones, which are frequently linked to gout.

  • Struvite stones are frequently connected to UTIs; these stones have a rapid growth rate and potential for size.

  • Cystine stones are uncommon and result from a hereditary condition that lets cystine seep into the urine. 

Kidney stones can be formed due to many primary causes.

  • Dehydration: Drinking too little water can cause urine to become concentrated, which can result in stones.

  • Dietary Factors: Excessive consumption of animal proteins, oxalates, and salt can raise the risk of kidney stones.

  • Genetics: People may be more likely to get kidney stones if their family has a history of the condition.

  • Medical Conditions: Gout, hyperparathyroidism, and recurrent UTIs are among the illnesses that might exacerbate the production of stones. 

Kidney stone symptoms include:

  • Severe discomfort behind the ribcage and in the side and back

  • Radiating pain to the groyne and lower abdomen

  • Waves of varying intensity and duration of pain

  • Painful urination

  • Brown, crimson, or pink urine

  • Vomiting and nausea

  • Recurring urination

  • Chills and fever 

  • Imaging Techniques: CT scans, ultrasounds, and X-rays are frequently used to identify kidney stones.

  • Urine analysis: Helps to detect infections, blood clots, or stones.

  • Blood tests: These can show the amounts of uric acid, calcium, and other chemicals that may be involved in the development of stones.

Depending on the size, kind, and location of the stones, there are several treatment options for kidney stones, such as:

  • Increased Fluid Intake: Water consumption can aid in the removal of tiny stones.

  • Discomfort Management: During the stone passage, medications can help control discomfort.

  • Medication: Certain medications can dissolve or stop the development of specific types of stones.

  • Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL): Using sound waves, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) breaks up stones so they may be passed in the urine.

  • Ureteroscopy: To remove kidney or ureter stones, a scope is employed.

  • Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Using a little incision in the back, big stones are surgically removed. 

Changes in diet to avoid kidney stones include:

  • Increasing water intake: To dilute pee, aim for at least 2-3 litres each day.

  • Lowering salt intake: Urine calcium levels might rise due to high salt intake.

  • Reducing consumption of foods high in oxalate: Chocolate, beets, spinach, and nuts.

  • Moderating consumption of protein: Particularly from animal sources.

  • Consuming foods high in calcium: In the intestines, calcium binds to oxalate to lower the chance of stone formation. 

Dehydration concentrates urine, which facilitates the crystallisation and formation of stones from salts and minerals. Maintaining proper hydration lowers the concentration of chemicals that can create kidney stones and the likelihood that kidney stones will develop by diluting the urine.
 

Kidney stone risk can be significantly influenced by genetics. Kidney stones are more common in people who have a family history of them. Cysteine stones are the result of excessive urine levels of cystine, which are caused by certain hereditary disorders, including cystinuria.
 

The following are the drugs that can aid in the avoidance of kidney stones:

  • Thiazide Diuretics: Lower urine calcium concentrations.

  • Potassium Citrate: Aids in preventing the development of uric acid and calcium oxalate stones.

  • Allopurinol: Lowers blood and urine uric acid levels.

  • Antibiotics: Used to treat and prevent struvite stones, which are caused by infections.

Kidney stones can be treated non-invasively with ESWL. It breaks down stones into tiny fragments that may be passed via the urinary system by using high-energy sound waves. Stones in the kidney or upper ureter that have a diameter of less than two centimetres are usually treated by ESWL
 

A thin, flexible scope is used during ureteroscopy, which entails passing the scope through the bladder and urethra and into the ureter. The urologist can find stones using the scope and use laser radiation to break them up or remove them. For ureteric and bladder-dwelling stones, this treatment is frequently utilised.

A surgical technique called Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is used to remove big or complicated kidney stones. A little incision in the back is made, and a nephroscope is inserted into the kidney. After that, the stone is broken up and taken out. When other ways of treating stones are not suitable due to their size or hardness, this treatment is usually employed. 
 

  • Making lifestyle adjustments, such as drinking lots of water throughout the day to maintain enough hydration, might help prevent a recurrence.

  • Dietary modifications include cutting back on animal proteins, oxalates, and salt while maintaining a balanced diet.

  • Frequent monitoring to keep an eye out for drugs that might induce stones, periodic blood and urine tests are performed.

  • Taking prescription drugs as directed in order to avoid kidney stones.

  • Consistent physical exercise 

Complications from kidney stone treatments can include:

  • Infection: Especially following ureteroscopy, surgery, or ESWL treatments.

  • Bleeding: The possibility of bleeding during or following surgery.

  • Pain: Following surgery, either from inflammation or when the stones pass.

  • Damage to urinary tract: During stone removal treatments, there is a chance that the ureter, bladder, or kidney will sustain damage.

  • Recurrence: Stones may reoccur even after treatment; thus, continuing preventative measures are necessary. 

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