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Dengue or Dengue virus (DENV) is transferred to humans through a simple bite of infected mosquitoes, usually by primary vectors such as Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Four DENV serotypes exist, causing infection up to four times. With nearly half of the world’s population living in areas with a risk of dengue, the global incidence is 100-400 million infections each year. Although dengue affects millions, its mild and asymptomatic infections make up 80% of cases leading to misdiagnosis of dengue as other feverish illnesses. The best approach to prevent dengue includes avoiding mosquito bites and decreasing the mosquito population in the surroundings.
Transmission Types
There are various transmission types through which a dengue infection can be transmitted, such as:
Common Mosquito Bite
In most cases, infected mosquitoes transmit the DENV virus through a bite and can transfer DENV for the rest of their lives.
Human-to-Mosquito
Mosquitoes feeding on symptomatic, pre-symptomatic, or asymptomatic patients with the DENV virus become infected, spreading dengue to humans.
Maternal Transmission
An infected mother transmits dengue to the unborn baby in the mother’s womb resulting in low birthweight, foetal distress, pre-term birth, etc.
Other Types
DENV is also transmitted through organ donation, blood products, transfusions, etc. Consult with our experts to have the best treatment.
Symptoms
More than 80% of DENV cases are asymptomatic. Mild symptoms are usually mistaken for other fevers. Dengue is identified with a 40°C (104°F) high fever and common symptoms such as:
Nausea
Severe Headache
Body pains, including muscle, bone, or joint pain
Vomiting
Swollen glands
Rash
Pain behind eyes
Severe Dengue
Dengue, when not identified and treated within a reasonable time, leads to life-threatening severe dengue, dengue shock syndrome, or haemorrhagic fever. Patients' blood vessels can then become damaged with a severe drop in platelet count leading to internal bleeding, shock, organ failure, or even death. See your doctor immediately on identifying any of these symptoms as these constitute a medical emergency:
Continuous vomiting
Blood in urine, stools, or vomit
Fatigue
Difficulty in breathing
Bleeding from gums or nose
Severe abdominal pain
Bruises indicating bleeding under the skin
Prevention
Dengue patients usually recover within a week when proper medical treatment is received. These tips reduce the risk of mosquito bites and promote healthy surroundings that benefit the community.
Reducing mosquito habitats
Using mosquito repellents
Staying in well-screened housing
Wearing protective clothing
Being a bit careful during winter and night times
Prevention is Better than Cure. Some countries use dengue vaccines, for example, U.S. territories and other developed nations. But, vaccines alone are not effective in curbing dengue. Dengue vaccines are a priority in India after Covid, with trials already taking place in collaboration with US-based NIH. Visit our internal medicine hospital in Mysore for the best treatment.
Experience world-class healthcare at Manipal Hospitals. Our expert team of doctors and state-of-the-art facilities ensure personalized and advanced treatments. Take the first step towards wellness. Book an appointment today.
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