Medical Oncology

Medical oncology Treatment in Bangalore

Medical oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A medical oncologist is a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Cancer is a complex disease that requires a team of specialists to provide the best care possible. They work with a team of other specialists to provide the best care possible. The main goal of medical oncology is to cure cancer or to control it so that it does not progress and cause further harm. In some cases, medical oncologists may also focus on symptom relief and palliative care. Medical oncologists use a variety of treatments to treat cancer, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. They also use new and emerging treatments, such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies.  

Why Manipal Hospitals, Old Airport Road?

Manipal Hospital, Old Airport Road is a tertiary care hospital located in Bengaluru (Bangalore), Karnataka. The hospital is a part of Manipal Health Enterprises, which is a leading healthcare provider in India. The hospital offers a wide range of services including medical, surgical, and diagnostic services. It has a team of experienced and qualified doctors who provide the best possible care for the patients. The hospital has state-of-the-art facilities and uses the latest technology to provide the best possible care to the patients. The hospital has a dedicated team of nurses and support staff who are always ready to help the patients. The hospital also has a 24-hour emergency care unit to provide the best possible care to the patients. Visit our multi-speciality hospital in Bangalore to learn more about the treatment.

Treatments and Procedures 

• Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardised regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with curative intent, or it may aim to prolong life or palliate symptoms. Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer, which is called medical oncology. 

There are two types of chemotherapy: adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 

Adjuvant chemotherapy is given after the main treatment, such as surgery, to kill any cancer cells that may remain in the body. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is given before the main treatment to shrink the tumour. 

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is given before a primary cancer treatment, such as surgery or radiation therapy. The goal of this type of chemotherapy is to shrink the tumour so that it is easier to treat with primary cancer treatment.  

Adjuvant chemotherapy is given after primary cancer treatment, such as surgery or radiation therapy. The goal of this type of chemotherapy is to kill any cancer cells that remain in the body. 

Pre-Procedure

Pre-chemotherapy, it is important to have a discussion with your oncologist about the goals of chemotherapy and the possible side effects. It is also important to discuss with your chemotherapy nurse the practical aspects of chemotherapy, such as how to take your medications and manage side effects. 

Pre-Procedure for Chemotherapy:  

1. The oncologist will review the patient's medical history and perform a physical examination.  

2. Imaging tests, such as a CT scan, will be done to determine the size and location of the tumour.  

3. Blood tests will be done to check the patient's blood count and to assess their kidney and liver function.  

4. The oncologist will discuss the chemotherapy treatment plan with the patient and answer any questions they have.  

5. A consent form will be signed by the patient before treatment can begin.  

6. The patient will be given instructions on how to prepare for their chemotherapy treatment.  

7. The patient will be asked to drink plenty of fluids and avoid alcohol and cigarettes.  

8. The patient will be asked to eat a healthy diet and avoid foods that are high in fat and sugar.  

9. The patient will be advised to rest and avoid strenuous activity.  

10. The patient will be asked to avoid contact with people who are sick. 

Procedure

There are many diverse types of chemotherapy, and the specific procedure depends on the type being administered. In general, chemotherapy is given through an intravenous (IV) line, and the medication is delivered directly into the bloodstream. This allows it to reach cancer cells throughout the body. The length of treatment depends on the type and stage of the cancer being treated. 

The procedure for chemotherapy is as follows: 

1. The patient is given a chemotherapy drug, either through an IV or in pill form. 

2. The chemotherapy drug attacks cancer cells and kills them. 

3. The patient may experience side effects from the chemotherapy, such as hair loss, nausea, and vomiting. 

4. The chemotherapy is typically given in cycles, with each cycle lasting for a few weeks. 

5. The patient may need to stay in the hospital during treatment. 

6. After treatment, the patient is monitored for any recurrence of cancer. 

Post-Procedure

After chemotherapy, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions for post-treatment care. This may include taking certain medications, getting rest, and avoiding strenuous activity. It is also important to drink plenty of fluids and eat a healthy diet to help your body recover from the treatment. Visit Manipal Hospitals for chemotherapy treatment in Bangalore.

• Immunotherapy:

Cancer immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapy can be used to stimulate the immune system to act against cancer cells or to direct the immune system to kill cancer cells. There are several diverse types of immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibody therapy, dendritic cell therapy, T-cell therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, cytokine therapy/ immune system modulators, and cancer vaccine therapy.  

• Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

Monoclonal antibody therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses monoclonal antibodies to target specific proteins in cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies can bind to cancer cells and either kill them directly or help the immune system kill them. 

• Dendritic Cell Therapy

Dendritic cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses dendritic cells to stimulate the immune system to kill cancer cells. Dendritic cells are a type of white blood cell that helps the immune system recognise and destroy foreign invaders, such as viruses and bacteria. 

• T-cell Therapy

T-cell therapy is another type of immunotherapy that uses T-cells to kill cancer cells. T-cells are a type of white blood cell that helps the immune system fight infections. When T-cells are exposed to cancer cells, they can recognize the cancer cells as foreign and kill them. 

• Oncolytic Virus Therapy

Oncolytic virus therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses viruses to kill cancer cells. Oncolytic viruses are viruses that specifically target cancer cells and kill them. When these viruses infect cancer cells, they cause the cancer cells to die. 

• Cytokine Therapy/ Immune System Modulators

Cytokine therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses substances called cytokines to help the immune system fight cancer. Cytokines are proteins that help to regulate the immune system. 

• Cancer Vaccine

Cancer vaccine therapy is a type of immunotherapy that uses vaccines to stimulate the immune system to kill cancer cells. Vaccines are created from pieces of the cancer cells, so when they are injected into the body, they help the immune system to recognise the cancer cells as foreign and to mount an immune response against them. Visit our cancer care hospital in Bangalore for the best treatment.

Pre-Procedure

The pre-procedure for immunotherapy is to consult with your doctor to see if this treatment is right for you. This treatment is used to train your immune system to better recognise and fight cancer cells. There are several types of immunotherapies, so your doctor will recommend the best one for you based on the type of cancer you have. There are also different side effects associated with immunotherapy, so it is important to discuss these with your doctor as well. Once you have decided to proceed with immunotherapy, you will need to have some blood tests and a CT scan to assess your health and to make sure you are a suitable candidate for the treatment. 

Procedure

The procedure for immunotherapy will vary depending on the type of immunotherapy you are receiving. Some types of immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibody therapy, are given intravenously (through a vein). Others, such as dendritic cell therapy, are given as an injection into the tumour. The length of the treatment will also vary, but most immunotherapy treatments are given over several weeks or months. 

Post-Procedure

After the immunotherapy procedure, you will be closely monitored by your doctor. You may experience some side effects, such as fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. These side effects are usually temporary and will resolve on their own. You will also need to have regular follow-up appointments with your doctor to check your progress and to ensure that the treatment is working. 

• Targeted Therapy

Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets specific molecules that are involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. These molecules can be found on the surface of cancer cells, or they can be found inside the cells. Targeted therapy drugs are designed to bind to these molecules and kill cancer cells. Targeted therapy is different from traditional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy work by killing all cells, including cancerous and healthy cells. Targeted therapy drugs only kill cancer cells. Targeted therapy drugs are usually given as pills or injections. They are usually given in combination with other cancer treatments. Targeted therapy is a newer type of cancer treatment. It is not yet known how well it works for most types of cancer. 

Pre-Procedure

Before starting targeted therapy, your doctor will need to do some tests to find out if the treatment is right for you. This may include a biopsy, which is a procedure to remove a small piece of tissue from the tumour so it can be studied under a microscope. Your doctor may also order imaging tests, such as a CT scan or MRI, to get a better look at the tumour. You will also need to have a few blood tests before starting targeted therapy. These tests will help your doctor check your liver and kidney function and make sure you have enough blood cells. If you are going to receive targeted therapy as part of a clinical trial, you will need to sign a consent form. This form will explain the risks and benefits of the treatment. 

Procedure

Procedure for Targeted Therapy:  

1. The first step is to consult with a doctor to see if targeted therapy is right for you.  

2. Once it is determined that targeted therapy is an appropriate treatment, a specifically targeted therapy plan will be created for you.  

3. This plan will involve taking one or more targeted drugs, which will be prescribed by your doctor.  

4. You will need to take these drugs as directed and get regular check-ups with your doctor to monitor your progress.  

Targeted therapy is often used with other cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. The side effects of targeted therapy can vary depending on the drug being used. Common side effects may include fatigue, nausea, and diarrhoea. Targeted therapy is a new type of cancer treatment, and more research is needed to determine its long-term effectiveness. 

Post-Procedure

After targeted therapy, it is important to monitor the patient for side effects. Common side effects of targeted therapy include fatigue, skin rash, and diarrhoea. More serious side effects can occur but are less common. These include bleeding, heart problems, and liver damage. Patients should be sure to keep all follow-up appointments and report any changes in their condition to their doctor. 

• Hormone Therapy 

Hormone therapy is a treatment that involves either taking hormone pills or getting hormone injections. The goal of hormone therapy is to raise the levels of hormones in your body to a therapeutic range. For some people, this may mean taking testosterone to treat low testosterone levels. For others, it may mean taking oestrogen to treat hot flashes or other symptoms of menopause. Hormone therapy can be an effective treatment for a variety of conditions. It can help to improve your mood, energy levels, and sex drive. It can also help to reduce hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. Hormone therapy can even help to prevent osteoporosis. However, hormone therapy comes with its risks. The most common side effect of hormone therapy is weight gain. Other side effects include acne, mood swings, and breast tenderness. Hormone therapy can also increase your risk of certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. If you are considering hormone therapy, it is important to talk to your doctor about the potential risks and benefits. 

Pre-Procedure

There are a few things to consider before starting hormone therapy. First, you should consult with a medical professional to see if hormone therapy is right for you. If you have any medical conditions that may be contraindicated with hormone therapy, your doctor will need to be aware of these before starting you on therapy. You will also need to have a thorough understanding of the potential risks and side effects associated with hormone therapy before beginning treatment. Finally, you will need to make sure that you have a support system in place to help you through the process.  

After discussing the risks and benefits of hormone therapy with your healthcare provider, you will need to decide if you want to proceed with treatment. If you do decide to go ahead with hormone therapy, your healthcare provider will work with you to develop a treatment plan that is tailored to your individual needs. 

Procedure

There are many diverse types of hormone therapy, and the specific procedure will vary depending on the type of therapy being used. However, some general steps are typically involved in hormone therapy. First, the patient will consult with a doctor to discuss their options and decide which type of therapy is right for them. Once a decision has been made, the patient will typically need to undergo some type of testing to ensure that they are a suitable candidate for hormone therapy. Once the testing is complete and the patient is cleared to begin therapy, they will typically need to self-administer the hormones either through injections or skin patches. The frequency and dosage of the hormones will be determined by the doctor based on the individual patient’s needs.  

Hormone therapy can be an effective treatment for a variety of conditions, but it is important to follow the doctor’s instructions carefully and to monitor for any potential side effects. In general, hormone therapy is a safe and effective treatment option for many people. However, as with any treatment, there are potential risks and side effects that should be considered before starting therapy. 

Post-Procedure

After you have received hormone therapy, it is important to monitor your hormone levels and keep track of any changes in your body. You may also need to take supplemental hormones to maintain your hormone levels. Your doctor will recommend that you see a hormone specialist to ensure that your hormone therapy is effective and to make any necessary adjustments. 

• Molecular Precision Medicine 

Molecular Precision Medicine is a new and emerging field of medicine that is focused on the treatment and prevention of disease at the molecular level. This type of medicine is still in its initial stages of development but has the potential to revolutionise the way we treat and prevent disease. Molecular Precision Medicine is based on the premise that each person's DNA is unique and that by targeting the specific mutations that cause disease, we can develop treatments and cures that are much more precise and effective than traditional medicine.  

While the concept of Molecular Precision Medicine is still in its infancy, there are already several promising treatments and cures that have been developed using this approach. One of the most promising examples is the treatment of cancer. By targeting the specific mutations that cause cancer, scientists have been able to develop targeted therapies that are much more effective than traditional chemotherapy. Molecular Precision Medicine is still in its preliminary stages of development but has the potential to revolutionise the way we treat and prevent disease. 

Pre-Procedure

Before a molecular precision medicine procedure is performed, the patient must first undergo a consultation with a precision medicine specialist. During this consultation, the specialist will review the patient's medical history and order any necessary tests. Once the specialist has determined that the patient is a suitable candidate for the procedure, they will schedule a date and time for the procedure to be performed.  

On the day of the procedure, the patient will be asked to arrive at the facility early so that they can be prepped for the procedure. The patient will be given a sedative to help them relax during the procedure. Once the patient is sedated, the precision medicine specialist will use a small needle to collect a sample of cells from the patient. The cells will then be sent to a laboratory where they will be analysed. The results of the cell analysis will be used to create a personalized treatment plan for the patient. The patient will then be given a personalised treatment plan and will be asked to return to the facility for follow-up appointments. 

Procedure

To provide molecular precision medicine, doctors first need to obtain a patient’s genetic information. This can be done through a variety of methods, including blood tests, skin biopsies, and DNA sequencing. Once the doctor has this information, they can begin to look for specific molecular changes that are associated with the patient’s disease. Once the doctor has identified the specific molecular changes that are associated with the disease, they can then begin to develop targeted treatments. This may involve using existing drugs that have been repurposed for the specific disease or developing new drugs that target the disease at the molecular level. In some cases, gene therapy may also be used to correct the underlying genetic cause of the disease.  

By better understanding the individual molecular profiles of patients, we can develop more effective and personalised treatments that improve outcomes and quality of life. 

Post-Procedure

After a patient has undergone a molecular precision medicine procedure, they need to follow up with their doctor. They should discuss any changes in their symptoms and any side effects they may be experiencing. It is also important to have regular checkups and tests to make sure the treatment is working and to monitor for any changes. 

• Precision Oncology

Precision oncology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It considers the individual characteristics of each patient’s tumour, as well as the person’s overall health and medical history. Precision oncology is a new field and is constantly evolving as researchers learn more about the complex biology of cancer. The goal of precision oncology is to tailor treatments to each patient, to improve outcomes and quality of life. In recent years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the genetics of cancer. This knowledge is being used to develop new and more effective treatments, as well as to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. Precision oncology is a valuable tool in the fight against cancer. It offers the hope of more effective treatments with fewer side effects and the possibility of earlier detection and diagnosis of the disease. 

Pre-Procedure

Precision oncology is still relatively new, there is not yet a standard pre-procedure protocol. However, there are a few important things that patients should keep in mind before undergoing precision oncology testing. First, precision oncology testing is not currently covered by most insurance plans. This means that patients will likely have to pay out of pocket for the testing, which can be expensive. It is important to check with your insurance provider beforehand to see if they will cover any of the costs. Second, precision oncology testing can take several weeks or even months to complete. This means that patients need to be prepared for a long wait before they receive their results. Finally, precision oncology testing is not right for every patient. Some tumours may not have a detectable genomic alteration, or the alteration may not be associated with a known targeted therapy. In these cases, traditional cancer treatment may still be the best option. 

Procedure

Precision oncology is a type of cancer treatment that uses genetic testing to determine the best course of treatment. This testing can be done on a tumour sample or a person’s blood. Precision oncology aims to match the most effective treatment for each person’s cancer. There are several steps involved in precision oncology. First, a tumour sample or a person’s blood is collected and sent to a laboratory for genetic testing. The results of the genetic testing are then used to create a personalised treatment plan. This plan may include targeted therapies, which are drugs that are designed to specifically target the cancer cells, or immunotherapy, which is a treatment that uses the body’s immune system to fight cancer. Precision oncology is a rapidly evolving field, and new treatments are being developed all the time. Clinical trials are an important part of precision oncology, as they allow new treatments to be tested and approved for use. 

Post-Procedure

After the precision oncology procedure is completed, the patient will be taken to a recovery area where they will be closely monitored. Once the patient is stable, they will be transferred to a regular room or discharged home. The length of stay will depend on the type of procedure performed and the patient’s response. 

• Lymphedema Care Services

The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and nodes that help to drain fluid from the tissues and filter out toxins and waste products. When this system is not functioning properly, fluid can build up and cause swelling. Lymphedema can occur anywhere in the body, but most often affects the arms or legs.  

There are several care services available for those suffering from lymphedema. The first step is to see a doctor to get a diagnosis and to rule out other potential causes of the swelling. Once a diagnosis is made, the next step is to find a care team that can provide the best possible care. This team may include a lymphedema therapist, a lymphatic surgeon, and a registered nurse. There is no cure for lymphedema, but there are treatments that can help to manage the condition.  

Pre-Procedure

Before starting any lymphedema care services, it is important to make sure that the affected area is clean and dry. Any clothing or jewellery that could potentially irritate the skin should be removed. The next step is to carefully massage the lymph nodes in the affected area to help move the lymph fluid. Once the lymph nodes have been massaged, the individual will need to wrap the affected area with a compression bandage. This bandage will help to reduce the amount of swelling in the area. Finally, the individual will need to wear a compression garment over the bandaged area. This garment will help to keep the area compressed and will need to be worn for some time after the care services have been completed. 

Procedure

There are many different types of lymphedema care services available, and the best way to find the right one for you is to talk to your doctor. They will be able to recommend the best course of treatment based on the severity of your condition. In general, however, most lymphedema care services will involve some combination of the following:  

• Manual Lymphatic Drainage: This is a type of massage that helps to promote lymphatic flow and reduce swelling.  

• Compression Therapy: This involves wearing compression garments or wrapping the affected limb in compression bandages. This helps to reduce swelling and improve lymphatic drainage.  

• Exercise: Exercise is important for overall health, but it can also help to reduce swelling and improve lymphatic drainage.  

• Skincare: Proper skin care is important for preventing infections. This may include using special creams or ointments, avoiding hot showers or baths, and protecting the skin from cuts or scrapes.  

• Diet: Eating a healthy diet can help to reduce swelling and improve lymphatic drainage.  

• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove blockages or to correct damage to the lymphatic system. 

Post-Procedure

After a patient has received lymphedema care services, they need to follow up with their care provider to ensure that the condition does not worsen. The care provider will likely recommend that the patient wear compression garments and/or perform self-massage and exercises to help reduce the swelling. The patient should also avoid any activities that could cause further injury to the affected area. It is important to follow your care plan and to keep all appointments to reduce the risk of developing lymphedema. 

• Onco Reconstructive Surgery

Onco-reconstructive surgery is a type of surgery that is performed to correct deformities caused by cancer. It can be performed on any part of the body but is most commonly performed on the face, breast, or abdomen. Onco-reconstructive surgery is usually performed after cancer has been removed, but in some cases, it may be performed before cancer treatment. The goal of onco-reconstructive surgery is to restore the normal appearance of the affected area. In some cases, this may involve the use of synthetic implants or tissue expanders. In other cases, the surgeon may use the patient's skin, fat, or muscle to reconstruct the area. Onco-reconstructive surgery is a complex and delicate procedure. It is important to choose a surgeon who is experienced in this type of surgery. The surgeon should be able to explain the risks and benefits of the procedure, as well as the expected outcome. To learn more about reconstructive surgery in Bangalore, visit Manipal Hospitals.

Pre-Procedure

Before onco-reconstructive surgery, the patient will meet with the surgeon to discuss the procedure in detail. The surgeon will review the patient's medical history and perform a physical examination. The surgeon will also take photos of the patient's affected area. The patient will then be given specific instructions on how to prepare for surgery, which may include fasting for some time, stopping certain medications, and showering with an antiseptic soap. On the day of surgery, the patient will need to arrive at the hospital or surgical centre early in the morning. The patient will be given anaesthesia and will be asleep during the procedure. 

Procedure

The first step in onco-reconstructive surgery is to remove the cancerous tissue. This is usually done through a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. Once the cancerous tissue has been removed, the next step is to reconstruct the area. This can be done with either artificial implants or by using the patient's tissue. The type of reconstruction that is used will depend on the size and location of the area that needs to be reconstructed. The exact procedure will be determined by the surgeon based on the individual case. 

Post-Procedure

After onco-reconstructive surgery, patients will typically spend some time in the recovery room. They will then be transferred to their hospital room where they will stay for a few days. During this time, they will be closely monitored by the nursing staff and will have regular visits from the surgeon. Once they are discharged from the hospital, they will need to follow up with the surgeon for regular checkups and will need to take care of the incision site. 

• Pain and Palliative Care After Hormonal Therapy

After a course of hormonal therapy, many cancer patients experience pain and palliative care needs. Hormonal therapy can cause side effects such as hot flashes, joint pain, and fatigue, which can all contribute to pain and discomfort. In addition, cancer itself may cause pain, as well as treatment side effects. Cancer pain can be managed with a variety of medications, depending on the severity of the pain. Patients may also require physical therapy or other interventions to help manage their pain. Palliative care can also help cancer patients manage their symptoms and side effects and provide emotional support. If you are experiencing pain after hormonal therapy, it is important to talk to your doctor or care team. They can help you find the best way to manage your pain and make sure you are getting the support you need. 

Pre-Procedure

There is no specific pre-procedure for pain and palliative care after hormonal therapy. However, it is important to discuss any potential side effects or risks with your doctor before starting treatment. Additionally, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions for taking any medications prescribed to manage side effects. 

Procedure

Approach to pain and palliative care after hormonal therapy, as the needs of each individual, will vary depending on the type and severity of their condition. However, some general steps can be taken to help manage pain and other symptoms associated with hormonal therapy. Firstly, it is important to work with your healthcare team to develop a plan of care that is tailored to your individual needs. This plan should take into account the type of hormonal therapy you are receiving, as well as any other treatments you are undergoing. Pain management strategies may include the use of medication, physical therapy, and relaxation techniques. It is also important to keep communication open with your healthcare team so that they are aware of any changes in your symptoms or pain levels. This will allow them to adjust your treatment plan as needed. Finally, it is important to take care of yourself both physically and emotionally during this time. This may include getting regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, and taking time for yourself to relax and de-stress. 

Post-Procedure

It is important to follow your doctor's instructions for care. This may include taking pain medication as prescribed and avoiding strenuous activity. It is also important to keep the area clean and dry to prevent infection. If you have any questions or concerns, be sure to contact your doctor. 

• Immuno Oncology

Cancer immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. It is a type of cancer treatment that uses certain parts of the immune system to either kill cancer cells or stop them from growing. Cancer immunotherapy can be used to treat several different types of cancer. Cancer immunotherapy can work in several different ways. It can help the immune system to better recognize and attack cancer cells. It can also help to stop cancer cells from growing and spreading. Cancer immunotherapy can also be used to help the body to better tolerate and fight off the side effects of cancer treatment. Cancer immunotherapy is still being studied and is not yet widely available. However, it is a promising area of cancer treatment that is showing great promise for the future. 

Pre-Procedure

Before beginning immunotherapy, your doctor will likely order a few tests. These may include:  

• A physical exam  

• A review of your medical history  

• Blood tests  

• Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, and PET scans  

• A biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed and examined for cancer cells 

After these tests are completed, your doctor will develop a treatment plan specifically for you. This plan will consider the type of cancer you have, the stage of your cancer, your overall health, and your personal preferences. 

Procedure

The immuno-oncology procedure is a new and innovative cancer treatment that harnesses the power of the immune system to fight cancer. This treatment is still in the early stages of development but has shown great promise in clinical trials. The first step in the immuno-oncology procedure is to remove a small sample of cancerous tissue. This tissue is then analysed in the laboratory to determine the specific proteins that are present in the cancer cells. Next, a patient’s immune cells are extracted from their blood. These cells are then modified in the laboratory so that they will recognise and attack the cancer cells. Finally, the modified immune cells are injected back into the patient’s bloodstream, where they will seek out and destroy the cancer cells. The immuno-oncology procedure is still in the early stages of development but has shown great promise in clinical trials. This treatment holds the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and provide patients with a new and effective way to fight this disease. 

Post-Procedure

The immuno oncology procedure is a new cancer treatment that uses the body’s immune system to fight cancer. This treatment is still being studied in clinical trials, and its long-term effectiveness is not yet known. After the immuno-oncology procedure, patients will be closely monitored by their doctor. They will need to have regular blood tests and scans to check how well the treatment is working. Most patients will have some side effects from the treatment. These may include fatigue, flu-like symptoms, and skin rash. These side effects are usually mild and go away on their own. Immuno-oncology is a promising new treatment for cancer, but more research is needed to know if it is safe and effective in the long term. 

• Cancer Pain Management

Cancer pain management is a complex and multidisciplinary field. The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined cancer pain as “Pain arising from cancer or its treatment.” Cancer pain can be caused by cancer itself, by cancer treatments (such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy), or by other conditions that are related to cancer (such as nerve damage or bone fractures). There are many different types of cancer pain, and each person experiences pain differently. Cancer pain can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). It can be mild, moderate, or severe. Acute pain is usually caused by cancer treatments and goes away when the treatment is over. Chronic pain is usually caused by cancer itself and can last for months or years. Cancer pain can be treated with medication, surgery, radiation, and other therapies. The goal of cancer pain management is to relieve the pain and improve the quality of life for the person with cancer. 

Pre-Procedure

Pre-procedure for cancer pain management typically includes a medical evaluation by a pain specialist. The pain specialist will discuss the various options for cancer pain management with the patient and develop a plan that is tailored to the individual. This plan may include medication, interventional procedures, or a combination of both. The goal of pre-procedure cancer pain management is to ensure that the patient is as comfortable as possible during and after the procedure. 

Procedure

Cancer pain management is a process that begins with a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s pain. This assessment includes a medical history, physical examination, and review of any diagnostic tests or procedures that have been performed. Once the assessment is complete, the cancer pain management team will develop a treatment plan that is tailored to the individual patient. The goal of cancer pain management is to reduce the intensity of the pain and to improve the patient’s quality of life. There are a variety of treatment options available, and the plan may include a combination of different modalities.  

Medications are often used to treat cancer pain, and they can be administered orally, intravenously, or via a pump that delivers the medication directly to the spinal cord. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve the pain. Other treatment options include radiation therapy, acupuncture, and electrical nerve stimulation. The treatment plan will be based on the severity of the pain, the type of cancer, and the overall health of the patient. 

Post-Procedure

After cancer pain management procedures, patients should rest and avoid physical activity for the remainder of the day. Ice or heat may be applied to the area as needed for pain relief. Patients should take their prescribed medications as directed and report any new or worsening pain to their doctor. 

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) 

1. What is medical oncology?  

Medical oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. It uses a variety of treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.  

2. What are the types of medical oncology?  

There are two main types of medical oncology: Solid tumour oncology and hematologic oncology. Solid tumour oncology deals with cancers that form in solid tissues, such as the lungs, breast, and colon. Hematologic oncology deals with cancers of the blood, such as leukaemia and lymphoma.  

3. What are the treatments for medical oncology?  

The main treatments for medical oncology are chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy uses high-energy waves to kill cancer cells. Surgery involves removing the cancerous tissue. 

4. What are the early signs of cancer?  

The early signs of cancer can vary depending on the type of cancer. However, some common early signs of cancer include a change in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, persistent indigestion or trouble swallowing, and persistent coughing or hoarseness.  

5. What are the treatment options for cancer?  

The treatment options for cancer depend on the type and stage of cancer. Some common treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.