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Reviewed by

Dr. Nitti Kapoor Kaushal

Consultant - Neurology

Manipal Hospitals, Patiala

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Epilepsy Awareness: Breaking Myths and Stigmas on International Epilepsy Day

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Every year, International Epilepsy Day is observed on the second Monday of February to raise awareness about epilepsy, debunk myths, and promote a better understanding of this neurological condition. Despite affecting over 50 million people worldwide, epilepsy remains one of the most misunderstood conditions, often surrounded by myths and stigma.

This blog aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of epilepsy, bust common misconceptions, highlight available treatment options, and discuss how society can support individuals with this condition.

Synopsis

Understanding Epilepsy
Debunking Myths About Epilepsy
First Aid: How to Help Someone Having a Seizure
Living with Epilepsy: Challenges & Triumphs
Advances in Epilepsy Treatment & Research
How Society Can Help Reduce Stigma
International Epilepsy Day: A Global Movement
Why Choose Manipal Hospital, Patiala for Epilepsy Treatment?
Final Thoughts

Understanding Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures occur due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to temporary disturbances in movement, behaviour, sensation, or awareness.

Causes of Epilepsy

Epilepsy can develop due to various factors, including:

Genetic predisposition – If epilepsy runs in the family, there is a higher risk of inheriting it.
Brain injuries or trauma – Accidents, falls, or head trauma can trigger epilepsy.
Neurological disorders – Conditions like brain tumours or Alzheimer's disease can lead to seizures.
Prenatal injuries – Lack of oxygen during birth or infections during pregnancy may contribute.
Infections – Diseases like meningitis, encephalitis, or neurocysticercosis can cause epilepsy.

Types of Seizures

Epileptic seizures are broadly classified into two categories:

Type of Seizure	Description
Focal Seizures (Partial Seizures)	Affect only one part of the brain and may cause twitching, confusion, or unusual sensations.
Generalized Seizures	Affect both sides of the brain, leading to convulsions, loss of consciousness, or muscle stiffness.

Understanding these seizures helps in early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Debunking Myths About Epilepsy

Despite medical advancements, misconceptions about epilepsy persist, leading to social stigma and discrimination. Let’s bust some common myths:

Myth	Reality
Epilepsy is contagious	Epilepsy is a neurological disorder and cannot be transmitted from person to person.
People with epilepsy are mentally ill	Epilepsy is a brain disorder, not a mental illness. Many individuals lead completely normal lives.
Flashing lights cause seizures in all epileptics	Only about 3-5% of people with epilepsy have photosensitive seizures.
Seizures are always violent	Some seizures involve staring spells or minor movements rather than convulsions.
People with epilepsy cannot live a normal life	With proper treatment and lifestyle management, most people with epilepsy can lead healthy, fulfilling lives.

Spreading awareness about International Epilepsy Awareness Day can help break these myths and foster inclusivity.

First Aid: How to Help Someone Having a Seizure

Knowing how to respond when someone is having a seizure can save lives. Here’s what you should do:

What to Do:

Stay calm and reassure others around you.
Time the seizure (if it lasts more than 5 minutes, call emergency services).
Move objects away to prevent injuries.
Place the person on their side to prevent choking.
Cushion their head to protect against impact.
Stay with them until they regain full consciousness.

What NOT to Do:

Do NOT hold the person down, it won’t stop the seizure.
Do NOT put anything in their mouth, it can cause choking.
Do NOT try to wake them up forcefully, let the seizure pass naturally.

If the person is injured, has difficulty breathing, or has repeated seizures, seek immediate medical help.

Living with Epilepsy: Challenges & Triumphs

People with epilepsy face challenges, but with the right medical care, lifestyle adjustments, and support, they can thrive.

Common Challenges Faced:

Social stigma and discrimination at work or school.
Difficulty obtaining a driver’s license in some countries.
Emotional stress and anxiety due to unpredictable seizures.
Side effects of medications, such as drowsiness or mood changes.

How to Manage Epilepsy Effectively:

Take prescribed medications regularly.
Get enough sleep to reduce seizure risk.
Identify and avoid seizure triggers (e.g., stress, flashing lights, alcohol).
Follow a healthy diet – the ketogenic diet may help reduce seizures.
Practice stress-relief techniques like yoga and meditation.

Many famous personalities, including Julius Caesar and Vincent van Gogh, had epilepsy but made significant contributions to history.

More Reads: Epilepsy: What It Is, Risks, And Treatment

Advances in Epilepsy Treatment & Research

Medical science has made significant strides in epilepsy management.

Current Treatment Options:

Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) – First-line treatment for most patients.
Ketogenic diet – A high-fat, low-carb diet beneficial for drug-resistant epilepsy.
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) – An implantable device that helps reduce seizures.
Epilepsy surgery – For cases where medication doesn’t work.

New research focuses on gene therapy, deep brain stimulation, and AI-powered seizure prediction to improve epilepsy care.

How Society Can Help Reduce Stigma

Public awareness and inclusivity can significantly improve the lives of people with epilepsy. Here’s how:

Educational campaigns in schools and workplaces.
Encouraging open conversations about epilepsy.
Employers supporting workers with epilepsy.
Social media initiatives to spread awareness on International Day of Epilepsy.

International Epilepsy Day: A Global Movement

International Epilepsy Day is a collaborative initiative by the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE) and the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). It aims to: