Heart Disease In Children: Causes, Diagnosis, And Treatment Options
Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery
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Apr 05, 2024
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Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery
Cardiothoracic Surgery in Patiala
Cardiothoracic vascular surgery is a type of surgery that focuses on the heart, chest and lungs, along with the blood vessels that connect them. Cardiothoracic surgeons treat patients with conditions that affect the heart and the adjoining vascular system, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH), valvular heart diseases, congenital heart defects and other cardiovascular problems. Cardiothoracic vascular surgery is related to the medical interventions of the thoracic-vascular system inside the chest region, including the heart and chest. A Cardiothoracic vascular surgeon is a doctor who performs surgery on the heart and major blood vessels. These include arteries, veins, and the vessels that carry blood to and from the heart to other body parts. Cardiothoracic surgeons perform various procedures on their patients, ranging from emergency surgery for trauma to more routine procedures such as cardiac surgery for coronary artery disease, valve repair or replacement.
OUR STORY
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Why Manipal?
Manipal Hospitals, Patiala has one of the country's most experienced and comprehensive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery departments, providing care to patients from all over the world.
The cardiac surgeons at Manipal Hospitals are world leaders in heart surgeries, including open-heart and transplantation surgeries. The advanced medical technology for accurate diagnosis of heart conditions and cutting-edge practices like robot-assisted, minimally invasive surgery make the cardiovascular thoracic surgery department notable for its groundbreaking work.
The Cardiothoracic department offers the latest and the most innovative surgical treatment for every cardiac and thoracic condition during emergency and elective cases.
Treatment & Procedures
This is a procedure that reopens arteries that have been narrowed or closed due to a build-up of fatty plaque. The procedure involves guiding a narrow tube towards the narrowed or blocked artery, and inflating a balloon to open up the artery for stent placement. A stent is a tube made to keep the artery open and free-flowing. An angioplasty is not…
The human heart has 4 valves that are responsible for controlling blood flow through the heart. Valves can be damaged or affected by disease, in which case they will need to be repaired or replaced. Damaged valves can be repaired by the placement of a special ring, while artificial valves are used to replace valves that are damaged beyond repair. While…
Also referred to as keyhole surgery, MICS is a surgical option that requires much smaller incisions on the body, reducing the risk to the patient and the time needed for recovery. Using advanced surgical apparatus, a surgeon is able to perform complex cardiac surgeries like Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR) without compromising accuracy.
The Vascular System
The vascular system is like a network of tubes carrying blood across the body. The heart is at the centre of this system's function and pumps blood through arteries and veins to every other organ in the body.
The primary function of the vascular system is to transport nutrients and oxygen from the lungs to all body cells, including the heart muscle, which needs a steady supply of oxygen to stay healthy.
The vascular system also helps maintain body temperature by circulating warm blood back to the skin's surface when it cools down.
The Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery (CTVS) is a surgical procedure for the chest, heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs housed in the thoracic cavity, which tend to profoundly impact the heart. CTVS has a team of cardiothoracic and vascular surgeons who specialize in surgery of the heart and major blood vessels of the body.
CTVS provides comprehensive care for patients with diseases or conditions affecting their hearts or major blood vessels to restore normal function to these organs. We provide comprehensive care in this speciality by working closely with specialists in cardiology, neurology, pulmonology (lung disease), gastroenterology (digestive) and palliative care to provide the best cardiovascular care for our patients.
Cardiothoracic surgery is a branch of medicine that deals with the heart and vascular. It helps open blocked coronary arteries, correct heart rhythm problems, or repair heart defects and weak muscles around the heart.
Vascular surgery treats blood vessel disorders such as diseases of lymphatic vessels, veins, and arteries. It helps in repairing and managing a network of blood vessels. Vascular surgeries may also include rerouting of blood flow.
Common Diseases Managed with Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery
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Coronary Artery Disease
When the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked, leading to angina pain, heart attack and death.
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Valves Diseases
Valves are a type of cardiac tissue guarding the heart's chambers, which help regulate blood flow through the heart. Valves can become diseased due to age, trauma, or infection—valve diseases may occur in any of the valves or regions surrounding them, such as in the aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonic valve.
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Infective Endocarditis
Infective endocarditis is a condition in which infection occurs on the heart's inner surface. This infection can result from bacteria entering a damaged heart valve or other infections penetrating blood vessels. Infective endocarditis can lead to severe complications, including heart failure and stroke.
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Rheumatic Heart Disease
Rheumatic heart disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the heart. It occurs when the body's immune system attacks the heart, causing inflammation and damage to the heart valves.
Treatments
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is an open-heart surgery that improves blood flow to the heart by bypassing blocked or narrowed coronary arteries.
During CABG, a surgeon uses rib-splitting incisions to access the heart. The surgeon then takes a healthy artery from inside the chest or leg and attaches it to the blocked section of the coronary artery. The procedure to move tissue from one site to another is known as grafting.
Surgeons recommend coronary artery bypass graft surgery when other treatments, such as medications and lifestyle changes, are insufficient to keep blood flowing through the heart properly.
Angioplasty & Stenting
Angioplasty is a surgical procedure in which a balloon catheter is inserted into an artery in the leg and threaded into the blocked area of the coronary artery. The doctor inflates the balloon to compress the plaque against the artery wall, opening blood flow through the artery.
A stent is a hollow tube that keeps an artery open after angioplasty. A stent acts as a scaffold, holding open an artery treated by angioplasty. The stent is made of biocompatible material fit for in-body installation, which may be temporary or permanent.
Heart Transplant / Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD)
A heart transplant replaces a person's heart with a healthy donor heart. The process begins when the patient's heart stops or fails to pump blood effectively. In some cases, the patient may be on the waitlist for a heart transplant while they receive treatment for their condition. In other cases, however, surgery can be performed immediately after the patient's condition worsens and treatment options have been exhausted.
A left ventricular assist device (LVAD) enables the heart to function and circulate blood throughout the body using a mechanical pump. It is used in people with severe heart failure who need a new or replacement heart but cannot have surgery because of other medical problems. The LVAD works by providing much-needed blood flow to the body as it heals from a heart attack.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a minimally invasive surgery performed to replace the aortic valve. During TAVR, surgeons insert a new valve in the patient's heart through the femoral artery.
This procedure helps when non-surgical treatments have failed or are not an option for patients. Surgeons recommend TAVR to patients who are too frail to withstand open-heart surgery or at risk of bleeding during surgery due to their age or other conditions.
Bentall Procedure
The Bentall Procedure is a surgical procedure that is performed for the repairs and or complete replacement of the aortic valve in people who have suffered a stroke or heart attack. The procedure involves replacing the damaged heart valve with an artificial one available in different sizes. The Bentall Procedure can be performed as open-heart surgery or as a minimally invasive catheter-based procedure.
Heart Valve Repair & Replacement
Heart valve repair or replacement is a surgical procedure to repair or replace damaged heart valves. Heart valve repairs are often needed when the leaflets of a faulty heart valve have become calcified (hardened) from calcium deposits, which makes them stiff and unable to open and close properly.
Heart valve replacement is necessary for people who have had one or more valve replacements or whose severe valve damage means that repairing the heart valves will not improve their condition.
In both cases, a surgeon will make an incision in the chest wall and access the heart through this opening. The surgeon will then open up the diseased heart valve and remove any calcified tissue, then sew healthy tissue from inside the heart to create new leaflets that can open and close normally.
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery is a type of heart surgery that utilizes small incisions with tiny surgical instruments, which are used to make minute incisions and conduct the surgery with the utmost care. This technique treats different problems, including congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease. Unlike traditional open-heart surgery, which requires large incisions and multiple instruments, minimally invasive cardiac surgery uses small incisions that allow the surgeon more access to the heart without causing further damage to surrounding tissue.
Visit the best cardiothoracic vascular surgery hospital to get the finest treatment with the help of a team of cardiothoracic vascular surgeons in Patiala.
Facilities & Services
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CTVS pediatric surgery
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Atrial septal defects
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Fontan procedure
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Senning procedure
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Open heart surgeries
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Coronary artery bypass surgery
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Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass
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Heart valve surgeries
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Stent placement
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Surgical treatment of heart failure
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Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
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Valve Surgery
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Left Ventricular Assist Device
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Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
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Heart transplant
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Thoracic surgeries in Patiala
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Best cardiothoracic surgeon in Patiala
FAQ's
A cardiothoracic surgeon is a medical doctor who specializes in surgical procedures of the heart, lungs, esophagus, and other organs in the chest. This includes surgeons who can be called cardiac surgeons, cardiovascular surgeons, general thoracic surgeons, and congenital heart surgeons.
The role of a cardiothoracic surgeon is to treat the heart, lungs, and chest. They may be responsible for performing surgeries to repair or replace damaged organs within the body. These surgeries include coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve repair or replacement, and lung transplantation.
Cardiothoracic surgeons are also responsible for diagnosing patients with heart disease and other conditions that affect the heart, lungs, or chest.
Vascular refers to anything related to blood vessels, while cardiovascular refers to anything related to the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiothoracic vascular surgery is needed when the blood flow to the heart and lungs is blocked. The blockage can happen for various reasons, but it is most often due to an infection or injury.
Minimally invasive surgery offers many benefits over traditional open surgeries, including:
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Less bleeding, which means less risk of infection and faster healing time
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Less scarring and wound complications
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Less pain during recovery
A cardiothoracic surgery may take up to six hours or more, depending upon the complications. It is best to ask the surgeon, so they may guide you while accounting for the specific patient condition.
Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery can be both simple and complex, whatever be the procedure, Manipal Hospitals will be there with you every step of the way, helping you decide on the right treatment plan, providing the right post-operative care and recuperation assistance. Contact us to know more about the different cardiovascular thoracic surgery and book an appointment with one of our surgeons today
