Maternity Hospital in Patiala

What are Obstetrics and Gynaecology Conditions?

Obstetrics is the medical care of a woman during pregnancy and childbirth. Gynecology is the medical care of women, specifically their reproductive health.

Common conditions in Obstetrics and Gynaecology include:

• Infertility

Infertility in women disables them from getting pregnant even after one year of trying. The causes of Infertility in women are varied and include Hormonal problems, Ovulation Disorders, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), Endometriosis, Tubal Blockage, and Uterine Fibroids.

• PCOD

PCOD can occur in pre-and post-menopausal women resulting in irregular menstrual cycles, Infertility, or extra growth of body hair and acne. The tiny sacs of fluid that develop along the outer edge of the ovary in PCOD are called cysts. These cysts contain immature eggs, which are called follicles. The follicles fail to release eggs regularly.

• Pregnancy-Related Problems​

Many pregnant women experience morning sickness or nausea, leading to dehydration, which can adversely affect the baby's growth and development. There are many other common pregnancy-related problems such as Anaemia (a lack of iron in the body), Gestational Diabetes (a form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy), Hemorrhoids (swollen veins around the anus), and Varicose Veins (stretched veins in the legs or arms)

• Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)

UTIs are common bacterial infections affecting the Urinary Tract, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Pain or burning during urination, often accompanied by frequent urination, nausea, and vomiting, are common symptoms of UTI. Other symptoms include chills, fever, and blood in the urine.

Manipal Hospitals has the best gynecologist obstetricians in Patiala. Moreover, it offers treatment for all Obs Gynae conditions, including:

• High-risk pregnancy management

• Pain and bleeding disorders

• Hysteroscopy

• Infertility

• Cesarean Section

• Medical termination of pregnancy

• Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD)

• Polycystic Ovary

• Puberty Disorders

• Menstrual Disorders

• Osteoporosis

Diagnostic Facilities

• Cervical Biopsy

A Cervical Biopsy involves removing a small amount of tissue from the Cervix to diagnose or treat Cervical Cancer. 

Doctors recommend Cervical Biopsies when they suspect Cervical Cancer or as a part of regular health care for people with abnormal Pap Test results.

• Non-Stress Test

Non-Stress Test is a way to check a baby's health in the mother's womb. The test is performed by attaching sensors to the mother's abdomen and monitors the baby's heartbeat and movements. If there is any irregularity or lack of movement, it could be an indication of a problem with the baby.

The test does not cause any stress to the fetus.

• USG Scan

The USG scan is a type of Ultrasound to determine the health of a fetus. During this procedure, a high-frequency sound wave is passed through the body and reflected from organs, muscles, and bones. An experienced radiologist interprets the resultant images.

A USG aims to identify abnormalities or developmental delays to offer early treatment or support if necessary.

• Pap Smear

A Pap Smear detects Cervical Cancer by collecting cells from the surface of the Cervix and sending them to a lab for analysis. The doctor will look at these cells under a microscope and check for any abnormalities that may indicate cancer. If a doctor finds something suspicious, they will recommend additional tests to see if there are any problems in the tissue.

• HPV Test

The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Test detects the presence of HPV in the body. Women at risk for developing cervical cancer might undergo the test.

The HPV Test needs further tests as the presence of HPV does not necessarily mean the patient has cancer. The virus transmits through sexual contact and often clears on its own. 

• Colposcopy

Colposcopy examines the Cervix by inserting a small instrument called a Colposcope into the Vagina. The Colposcope has a light that allows the doctor to see the Vagina and Cervix's interior. The doctor will then apply a solution to the Cervix, highlighting the abnormal cells illuminated by the light.

• Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy allows doctors to see inside the Uterus, Fallopian Tubes, and Cervix. Hysteroscopy helps to diagnose problems like Fibroids, Polyps, and Endometrial cancer. It can also diagnose and treat abnormal uterine bleeding. 

The doctor inserts a flexible tube with a tiny camera at its tip into the Vagina and Cervix. The camera sends images to a monitor.

• Chorionic Villus Sampling

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is a genetic testing method during pregnancy. It detects whether the fetus has any health conditions like Down Syndrome by taking a tiny Chorionic Villi sample, cells from the Placenta. 

Fertilized eggs form Chorionic Villi and share genes with the fetus. 

• Follicular Imaging in Assisted Reproduction

Follicular Imaging in Assisted Reproduction is a non-invasive and painless test that helps couples to conceive. It studies ovarian follicles to identify egg ovulation and lets the doctor see the development of follicles within the ovary. The test uses an Ultrasound inside the Vagina to study the Ovaries, Uterus, and Uterus Lining. 

• Anomaly Scan

An Anomaly Scan is a detailed ultrasound scan carried out between 18 and 21 weeks of pregnancy. This scan checks the fetus's physical development and looks in detail at the fetus's bones, heart, brain, spinal cord, face, kidneys, and abdomen. It produces a 2D image giving a side view of the fetus.

This scan allows the doctor to look for anomalies like brain conditions, Cleft Lip, and bone alignment.

• Viability Scan

A Viability Scan happens during the first trimester of pregnancy to determine whether or not there is a chance that an embryo will develop normally. It can also determine how far along in the pregnancy an embryo is. It helps doctors decide whether or not to continue with a pregnancy.

The test inserts a thin Ultrasound probe into the Vagina to look inside the Uterus.

• Doppler Studies

Doppler Studies are a type of Ultrasound to create images of blood flow and other bodily functions. They help diagnose, monitor the fetal heart rate, and evaluate the baby's health during pregnancy.

A Doppler Scan measures the blood flow through the baby's umbilical cord and around their body, such as their brain and heart, to show whether they are getting all the oxygen and nutrients they need via the Placenta.

• Fetal Echo Studies

Fetal Echo Studies are a special kind of Ultrasound to look at the development of the fetus. The study is usually carried out around 20 weeks of pregnancy using an ultrasound machine.

Doctors use the study results to monitor the fetus's growth and development, which can help detect any abnormalities or problems with development.

• Amniocentesis

Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic test that uses a sample of Amniotic Fluid to detect genetic disorders and other fetal problems. It determines if a baby has Down syndrome or other abnormalities like Spina Bifida. 

Treatment Facilities

• IUCD Insertion

An IUCD (Intrauterine Contraceptive Device) is a small, T-shaped device inserted into the Uterus to prevent pregnancy. 

IUCDs effectively prevent pregnancy, with more than 99% success rates. They can last anywhere from 3 to 10 years, depending on the type of IUCD and its compatibility.

• Hysterectomy

A Hysterectomy involves removing the Uterus to treat Uterine Fibroids, Uterine Cancer or to stop heavy menstrual bleeding. The surgery can be performed through processes like Abdominal Incision (open surgery) or with a Robotically Assisted Laparoscopic Approach (Laparoscopic Surgery).

The exact procedure depends on the reason for the Hysterectomy. In some cases, surgeons must remove Ovaries, Tubes and the surrounding organs. A hysterectomy requires several days of recovery at home.

• Sterilization

Sterilization is a permanent method of contraception. It involves surgically removing the Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries or blocking them with clips or rings. The procedure prevents eggs from being released so that sperm cannot fertilize them.

• Cerclage

Cerclage is a surgical procedure that involves placing a stitch to close the Cervix to prevent a miscarriage due to a weak Cervix or previous miscarriage.

The surgeon makes an incision in the Vagina and uses sutures or staples to attach them around the Cervix to hold it closed so that it cannot open before it is ready.

• Puberty Disorder Treatment

Girls may experience Puberty Disorders as they develop into adults. Some common Puberty Disorders are:

• Delayed Puberty beyond 13 years.

• Precocious Puberty begins too early, before eight years.

• Contrasexual Pubertal development of male characteristics 

• Premature Thelarche develops breasts without any other Puberty signs.

The treatment depends upon the condition and may include medications and lifestyle changes.

• PCOD Treatment

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a common condition that affects women in their reproductive years. The main symptoms are irregular or absent menstrual periods, excessive hair growth on the face and body, and weight gain.

Several treatments for PCOD include lifestyle changes, medication, and surgery. Lifestyle changes include eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly. Medication may include drugs to regulate periods or to help ovulate. Doctors may also recommend surgery for certain rare conditions.

• Hormone Therapy

Hormone Therapy treats Menopause related complications. This treatment uses Hormone drugs to treat the symptoms of Menopause complications, such as hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. Hormone Therapy also helps prevent common conditions like Osteoporosis and Heart Disease by increasing bone density and lowering blood pressure.

• Cryosurgery

Cryosurgery is a non-invasive treatment that uses low temperatures to destroy suspicious cells or tissue in a woman's Cervix. Doctors use it on Precancerous Lesions and on invasive cancers that have not spread to other areas of the body.

The procedure involves freezing the targeted cells with liquid nitrogen and removing them with forceps or an electric scalpel. 

Consult with specialized doctors at the maternity hospital in Patiala.