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Gynaecological cancer refers to a group of cancers that affect the female retroactive system, such as the cervix, ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina and vulva. Gynaecological cancers are a great concern for women worldwide. While it is challenging to detect the condition in the early stages, understanding the symptoms and available treatment options can significantly improve the outcomes and quality of life. Each of these cancers has distinct symptoms, risk factors and treatment options for gynaecological cancer symptoms.
In this blog, we will explore the concern areas of gynaecological cancer, including its different forms, early detection by a reputed gynecologist in Kolkata, symptoms and the available medication and treatment options.
Understanding Gynaecological Cancers
1. Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer develops on the surface of the cervix cells, the lower part of the uterus. It ranks as the third most prevalent kind of cancer in women. Pap tests can detect cervical pre-cancer, which usually develops slowly. The pre-cancer is nearly 100% treatable, allowing for prompt treatment.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer are the following:
(The better strategy is not to wait for symptoms but to get regular pap smear in apparently healthy women)
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Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as, during periods, after intercourse, or after menopause.
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Unusual vaginal discharge.
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Pelvic pain or discomfort.
2. Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer arises in the ovaries, the organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones. It is often challenging to detect in its early stages, leading to a higher mortality rate compared to other gynaecological cancers.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer are the following:
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Persistent abdominal bloating or swelling.
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Feeling full quickly while eating.
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Pelvic discomfort.
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Frequent and urgent urination.
3. Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer
The endometrium (uterine lining) is affected by uterine cancer. It is more common in women after menopause and is often detected early due to noticeable symptoms.
Symptoms of Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer are the following:
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Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause.
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Irregular menstruation needs attention
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Pelvic pain or pressure.
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Unintended weight loss.
4. Fallopian Tube Cancer
This rare type of gynaecological cancer develops in the fallopian tubes, the structures that transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. It is often challenging to diagnose in its early stages.
Symptoms of Fallopian Tube Cancer are the following:
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Abdominal or pelvic pain.
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Abnormal vaginal discharge/bleeding.
5. Vaginal Cancer
Vaginal cancer occurs in the vagina, the muscular tube connecting the cervix to the external genitals. It is relatively uncommon and can be challenging to diagnose. However, the best gynecologist hospital in Kolkata can assist you in such cases.
Symptoms of Vaginal cancer are the following:
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Abnormal vaginal bleeding.
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Painful urination.
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Pelvic pain.
6. Vulvar Cancer
The outer surface of the female genitalia is affected by vulvar cancer. Historically known to be affecting older women but happening to younger women, too nowadays.
Symptoms of the Vulvar Cancer are the following:
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Itching, burning, or changes in the appearance of the vulva.
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Pain or soreness in the pelvic area.
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Bleeding or discharge not related to menstruation.
Gynaecological Cancer Treatment
1. Surgery:
Surgery is a common treatment option for most gynaecological cancers. The extent of surgery depends on the cancer stage, size, and location. Surgical procedures may involve removing the tumour, affected organs, or nearby lymph nodes.
2. Radiation Therapy:
High-energy rays are used in radiation therapy to kill or damage cancer cells. It can be delivered externally (external beam radiation) or internally (brachytherapy) to target the affected area directly.
3. Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy cancer cells or prevent them from growing and dividing. It is often administered intravenously but can also be given orally or directly to the tumour site.
4. Hormone Therapy:
Hormone therapy is used primarily for certain types of gynaecological cancers, such as breast and uterine cancers. It aims to block or interfere with hormones that fuel cancer growth.
5. Targeted Therapy:
Targeted therapy drugs are designed to attack specific molecules or receptors on cancer cells, inhibiting their growth and spread.
6. Immunotherapy:
Utilising the immune system to identify and eliminate cancer cells is known as immunotherapy. It has shown promising results in some gynaecological cancers, particularly those associated with viral infections like cervical cancer.
Early Detection and Prevention of Gynaecological Cancer
Early detection is crucial for successful gynaecological cancer treatment. Regular screenings and awareness of potential symptoms can significantly improve outcomes. Here are some essential preventive measures:
Regular Check-ups
Schedule regular check-ups with your gynaecologist, especially if you notice any abnormal symptoms or have a family history of gynaecological cancers.
HPV Vaccination
HPV vaccination can help prevent cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases. Consult your healthcare provider about the vaccine's suitability for you or your children.
Lifestyle Modifications
Maintain a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption.
Know Your Family History
Understand your family's medical history, as some gynaecological cancers may have a genetic component.
Gynaecological cancers are a group of complex and diverse diseases affecting women worldwide. Early detection, awareness of symptoms, and proactive medical care are vital for improving outcomes. If you experience any concerning symptoms or have risk factors associated with gynaecological cancers, do not hesitate to seek medical advice. Regular screenings, a healthy lifestyle, and advances in medical treatments provide hope for a brighter future in the fight against gynaecological cancers.
FAQs on Gynaecological Cancer
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What is the main cause of the Gynaecological cancer?
The causes of many types of gynaecological cancer are still unknown. However, environmental factors such as smoking or obesity, not doing regular pap smears, Human papillomavirus infection, excessive hormone exposure, hormone replacement therapy, age, and immunodeficiency may play a vital role including family history.
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What are the five types of Gynaecological cancers?
There are five main types of gynaecological cancers:
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Cervical
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Uterine
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Vaginal
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Ovarian and Vulvar cancer.
In the Western world, the most common type of Gynaecological cancer is uterine, which is completely treatable if detected early. In India though cervical cancers are found highest in number.
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What are the four signs and symptoms of Gynaecological cancer?
The prominent signs and Symptoms of Gynaecological Cancer are listed below-
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Pelvic discomfort or pressure.
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The vulva may itch or burn.
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Vulva colour or skin changes (rash, lesions, warts, or ulcers)
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Alterations in bathroom habits (excessive urination, constipation, or diarrhoea)
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Bloating.
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Abnormal vaginal haemorrhage or discharge.
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Back or abdominal discomfort.
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Can Gynaecological cancer be cured?
Gynaecological cancers can be completely cured if detected early with surgery. However, lifestyle and diet can impact the recovery process. Early detection, including a healthy lifestyle and proper medical intervention, increases the chances of successful treatment and cure. Specialists at Manipal Hospitals Kolkata are highly qualifies to assist you in such cases.
