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A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious injury that occurs when an external force hits the head or causes the head to hit an object. It can also occur when an object (e.g., a bullet) penetrates the skull and enters the brain. TBI is sometimes referred to as Head Injury or Intracranial Injury.
In India, TBI affects about 2 million people annually, with 100,000 patients dying as a result. Road traffic collisions are the leading cause of TBI, accounting for 60% of all traumatic brain injuries.
TBI types can range from mild to severe. A mild TBI, also called a concussion, can cause temporary changes in brain function. A severe TBI can result in long-term or permanent changes in brain function.
Symptoms of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Symptoms of a TBI can be immediate or may not appear until days or weeks after the injury. They can also vary in severity. Symptoms of a mild TBI may include:
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Headache
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Dizziness
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Nausea
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Fatigue
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Blurry vision
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Ringing in the ears
Symptoms of a severe TBI may include:
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Coma
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Vomiting
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Seizures
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Slurred speech
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Loss of coordination
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Profound confusion
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Loss of consciousness
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Persistent headache
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Agitation or combativeness
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Dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes
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Clear fluids draining (bleeding) from the nose or ears
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Weakness or numbness in the extremities
If you or someone you know has suffered a TBI, it is important to seek medical attention immediately. TBIs can cause serious long-term problems or even death if they are not treated promptly.
Manipal Hospital Whitefield has one of the best neurosurgery departments in Bangalore. You can book an appointment with a neurosurgeon in Whitefield, during any event related to TBI.
Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury
Trauma severity is determined by performing neurological and clinical examinations. The patient then requires to undergo a CT scan or MRI to check for any possible head injuries.
The traumatic brain injury treatment in Whitefield depends on the type and severity of the injury and the individual needs of a patient. However, some general principles of treatment include:
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Providing immediate medical care to stabilize the patient, control the primary damage, and minimize further damage to the brain.
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Monitoring the patient closely for any changes in condition and providing prompt treatment – either Medication or Surgery, or both in combination as necessary.
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Rehabilitation and therapy to help the patient recover and return to normal life sooner.
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Support and counselling for the patient and their family to deal with the emotional and psychological effects of the injury.
Surgeries are performed to repair skull fractures, remove blood clots, and relieve intracranial pressure. For mild trauma patients, the best treatments include oral anticonvulsants, analgesics, and bed rest.
Some people with severe traumatic brain injuries require long-term care. This may include help with daily activities such as dressing, bathing, and eating. It may also include occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech therapy. Some will need to live in a long-term care facility, such as a nursing home.
Preventing TBI
Prevention of TBIs is the best way to avoid serious consequences that can result from them. Some ways to prevent TBIs include:
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Wearing a seatbelt when driving or riding in a car
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Avoiding alcohol and drugs
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Opting for newer and safer car protection accessories
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Wearing a helmet when riding a bike, skateboarding, or participating in other activities where there is a risk of head injury
If you have suffered a TBI, it is important to follow your doctor’s orders and attend all recommended follow-up appointments. You may also need to make lifestyle changes, such as avoiding activities that could put you at risk for another head injury.
FAQs
1. Can Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) be cured?
Better pre-hospital care and enhanced critical care for trauma patients have been fruitful in their long-term prognosis and quality of life. Most people recover most or all of their brain function after a moderate TBI through neurosurgery, occupational/physical therapy, speech therapy, and/or psychological services.
2. Does Traumatic Brain Injury cause permanent disability?
Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury can result in prolonged or permanent physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioural changes. They may impair a person's ability to function in daily life. Anxiety, depression, and mood swings are common. Severe TBI may result in a state of unconsciousness (coma).
3. Is it possible to lead a normal life after TBI?
While life after a brain injury is difficult, returning to near-normal life is still possible. You can still find happiness and lead a meaningful life. Rehabilitation programs and support from family contribute to a better recovery.
Consultant - Neurosurgery
Manipal Hospitals, Whitefield
